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Differential Equations question

2022 · 25 Jul · Shift 1 · Q31
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  5. /2022 · 25 Jul · Shift 1 · Q31

Differential Equations question

2022 · 25 Jul · Shift 1 · Q31

JEE MainMathematicsDifferential EquationsMCQ+4 / −1
The general solution of the differential equation (x−y2)dx+y(5x+y2)dy=0\left(x-y^{2}\right) \mathrm{d} x+y\left(5 x+y^{2}\right) \mathrm{d} y=0(x−y2)dx+y(5x+y2)dy=0 is :
  1. A
    (y2+x)4=C∣(y2+2x)3∣\left(y^{2}+x\right)^{4}=\mathrm{C}\left|\left(y^{2}+2 x\right)^{3}\right|(y2+x)4=C​(y2+2x)3​
  2. B
    (y2+2x)4=C∣(y2+x)3∣\left(y^{2}+2 x\right)^{4}=C\left|\left(y^{2}+x\right)^{3}\right|(y2+2x)4=C​(y2+x)3​
  3. C
    ∣(y2+x)3∣=C(2y2+x)4\left|\left(y^{2}+x\right)^{3}\right|=\mathrm{C}\left(2 y^{2}+x\right)^{4}​(y2+x)3​=C(2y2+x)4
  4. D
    ∣(y2+2x)3∣=C(2y2+x)4\left|\left(y^{2}+2 x\right)^{3}\right|=C\left(2 y^{2}+x\right)^{4}​(y2+2x)3​=C(2y2+x)4
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. Write the differential equation in standard form

Given

(x−y2) dx+y(5x+y2) dy=0.(x-y^2)\,dx+y(5x+y^2)\,dy=0.(x−y2)dx+y(5x+y2)dy=0.

Treat xxx as a function of yyy:

(x−y2)dxdy+y(5x+y2)=0.(x-y^2)\frac{dx}{dy}+y(5x+y^2)=0.(x−y2)dydx​+y(5x+y2)=0.

So,

dxdy=−y(5x+y2)x−y2.\frac{dx}{dy}=-\frac{y(5x+y^2)}{x-y^2}.dydx​=−x−y2y(5x+y2)​.

This is not directly linear, so we look for a substitution.


  1. Use the substitution x=vy2x=v y^2x=vy2

Let

x=vy2.x=v y^2.x=vy2.

Then

dxdy=y2dvdy+2vy.\frac{dx}{dy}=y^2\frac{dv}{dy}+2vy.dydx​=y2dydv​+2vy.

Now substitute into the equation:

(vy2−y2)(y2dvdy+2vy)+y(5vy2+y2)=0.(vy^2-y^2)\left(y^2\frac{dv}{dy}+2vy\right)+y\bigl(5vy^2+y^2\bigr)=0.(vy2−y2)(y2dydv​+2vy)+y(5vy2+y2)=0.

But it is easier to substitute into

dxdy=−y(5x+y2)x−y2.\frac{dx}{dy}=-\frac{y(5x+y^2)}{x-y^2}.dydx​=−x−y2y(5x+y2)​.

Using x=vy2x=vy^2x=vy2,

y2dvdy+2vy=−y(5vy2+y2)vy2−y2.y^2\frac{dv}{dy}+2vy=-\frac{y(5vy^2+y^2)}{vy^2-y^2}.y2dydv​+2vy=−vy2−y2y(5vy2+y2)​.

Simplify:

y2dvdy+2vy=−y3(5v+1)y2(v−1)=−y5v+1v−1.y^2\frac{dv}{dy}+2vy=-\frac{y^3(5v+1)}{y^2(v-1)}=-y\frac{5v+1}{v-1}.y2dydv​+2vy=−y2(v−1)y3(5v+1)​=−yv−15v+1​.

Hence,

ydvdy+2v=−5v+1v−1.y\frac{dv}{dy}+2v=-\frac{5v+1}{v-1}.ydydv​+2v=−v−15v+1​.

So,

ydvdy=−5v+1v−1−2v.y\frac{dv}{dy}=-\frac{5v+1}{v-1}-2v.ydydv​=−v−15v+1​−2v.

Take LCM:

ydvdy=−5v+1+2v(v−1)v−1=−2v2+3v+1v−1.y\frac{dv}{dy}=-\frac{5v+1+2v(v-1)}{v-1} =-\frac{2v^2+3v+1}{v-1}.ydydv​=−v−15v+1+2v(v−1)​=−v−12v2+3v+1​.

Factor the numerator:

2v2+3v+1=(2v+1)(v+1).2v^2+3v+1=(2v+1)(v+1).2v2+3v+1=(2v+1)(v+1).

Therefore,

ydvdy=−(2v+1)(v+1)v−1.y\frac{dv}{dy}=-\frac{(2v+1)(v+1)}{v-1}.ydydv​=−v−1(2v+1)(v+1)​.
  1. Separate variables
v−1(2v+1)(v+1) dv=−dyy.\frac{v-1}{(2v+1)(v+1)}\,dv=-\frac{dy}{y}.(2v+1)(v+1)v−1​dv=−ydy​.

Now decompose into partial fractions:

v−1(2v+1)(v+1)=A2v+1+Bv+1.\frac{v-1}{(2v+1)(v+1)}=\frac{A}{2v+1}+\frac{B}{v+1}.(2v+1)(v+1)v−1​=2v+1A​+v+1B​.

So,

v−1=A(v+1)+B(2v+1).v-1=A(v+1)+B(2v+1).v−1=A(v+1)+B(2v+1).

Comparing coefficients:

A+2B=1,A+B=−1.A+2B=1,\qquad A+B=-1.A+2B=1,A+B=−1.

Solving,

B=2,A=−3.B=2,\qquad A=-3.B=2,A=−3.

Thus,

v−1(2v+1)(v+1)=−32v+1+2v+1.\frac{v-1}{(2v+1)(v+1)}=-\frac{3}{2v+1}+\frac{2}{v+1}.(2v+1)(v+1)v−1​=−2v+13​+v+12​.

Hence,

∫(−32v+1+2v+1)dv=∫−dyy.\int\left(-\frac{3}{2v+1}+\frac{2}{v+1}\right)dv=\int -\frac{dy}{y}.∫(−2v+13​+v+12​)dv=∫−ydy​.

Integrate:

−32ln⁡∣2v+1∣+2ln⁡∣v+1∣=−ln⁡∣y∣+C.-\frac{3}{2}\ln|2v+1|+2\ln|v+1|=-\ln|y|+C.−23​ln∣2v+1∣+2ln∣v+1∣=−ln∣y∣+C.

Multiply by 222:

−3ln⁡∣2v+1∣+4ln⁡∣v+1∣=−2ln⁡∣y∣+C.-3\ln|2v+1|+4\ln|v+1|=-2\ln|y|+C.−3ln∣2v+1∣+4ln∣v+1∣=−2ln∣y∣+C.

So,

ln⁡∣(v+1)4y2(2v+1)3∣=C.\ln\left|\frac{(v+1)^4 y^2}{(2v+1)^3}\right|=C.ln​(2v+1)3(v+1)4y2​​=C.

Therefore,

(v+1)4y2(2v+1)3=C.\frac{(v+1)^4 y^2}{(2v+1)^3}=C.(2v+1)3(v+1)4y2​=C.
  1. Back-substitute v=xy2v=\dfrac{x}{y^2}v=y2x​

We have

v+1=x+y2y2,2v+1=2x+y2y2.v+1=\frac{x+y^2}{y^2}, \qquad 2v+1=\frac{2x+y^2}{y^2}.v+1=y2x+y2​,2v+1=y22x+y2​.

Substitute into

(v+1)4y2(2v+1)3=C:\frac{(v+1)^4 y^2}{(2v+1)^3}=C:(2v+1)3(v+1)4y2​=C: (x+y2y2)4y2(2x+y2y2)3=C.\frac{\left(\frac{x+y^2}{y^2}\right)^4 y^2}{\left(\frac{2x+y^2}{y^2}\right)^3}=C.(y22x+y2​)3(y2x+y2​)4y2​=C.

Simplify:

(x+y2)4(2x+y2)3=C.\frac{(x+y^2)^4}{(2x+y^2)^3}=C.(2x+y2)3(x+y2)4​=C.

Equivalently,

(x+y2)4=C ∣(2x+y2)3∣.(x+y^2)^4=C\,|(2x+y^2)^3|.(x+y2)4=C∣(2x+y2)3∣.

Since 2x+y2=y2+2x2x+y^2=y^2+2x2x+y2=y2+2x, this is

(y2+x)4=C ∣(y2+2x)3∣.(y^2+x)^4=C\,|(y^2+2x)^3|.(y2+x)4=C∣(y2+2x)3∣.
  1. Match with the options

This matches Option A:

(y2+x)4=C∣(y2+2x)3∣.(y^2+x)^4=C\left|(y^2+2x)^3\right|.(y2+x)4=C​(y2+2x)3​.
  1. Conclusion

The general solution is:

(y2+x)4=C∣(y2+2x)3∣\boxed{(y^2+x)^4=C\left|(y^2+2x)^3\right|}(y2+x)4=C​(y2+2x)3​​

So the correct option is A.

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