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Application of Derivatives question

2021 · 31 Aug · Shift 2 · Q42
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  5. /2021 · 31 Aug · Shift 2 · Q42

Application of Derivatives question

2021 · 31 Aug · Shift 2 · Q42

JEE MainMathematicsApplication of DerivativesNumerical+4 / −1
Let f(x) be a cubic polynomial with f(1) = −-− 10, f(−-− 1) = 6, and has a local minima at x = 1, and f'(x) has a local minima at x = −-− 1. Then f(3) is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 22

  1. Let the cubic polynomial be f(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+df(x)=ax^3+bx^2+cx+df(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+d Then, f′(x)=3ax2+2bx+cf'(x)=3ax^2+2bx+cf′(x)=3ax2+2bx+c and f′′(x)=6ax+2bf''(x)=6ax+2bf′′(x)=6ax+2b

  2. Use the condition: local minima of f(x)f(x)f(x) at x=1x=1x=1

    For a local extremum at x=1x=1x=1, f′(1)=0f'(1)=0f′(1)=0 So, 3a+2b+c=0...(1)3a+2b+c=0 \quad ...(1)3a+2b+c=0...(1)

    Since it is a local minimum, we should have f′′(1)>0f''(1)>0f′′(1)>0 which will be checked later.

  3. Use the condition: local minima of f′(x)f'(x)f′(x) at x=−1x=-1x=−1

    Since f′(x)f'(x)f′(x) is a quadratic polynomial, its local minimum occurs at its vertex. Thus, ddx(f′(x))=f′′(x)\frac{d}{dx}(f'(x))=f''(x)dxd​(f′(x))=f′′(x) must vanish at x=−1x=-1x=−1: f′′(−1)=0f''(-1)=0f′′(−1)=0 Hence, 6a(−1)+2b=06a(-1)+2b=06a(−1)+2b=0 −6a+2b=0-6a+2b=0−6a+2b=0 b=3a...(2)b=3a \quad ...(2)b=3a...(2)

    Also, for f′(x)f'(x)f′(x) to have a local minimum, its quadratic coefficient must be positive: 3a>0⇒a>03a>0 \Rightarrow a>03a>0⇒a>0

  4. Use the given values

    From f(1)=−10f(1)=-10f(1)=−10, a+b+c+d=−10...(3)a+b+c+d=-10 \quad ...(3)a+b+c+d=−10...(3)

    From f(−1)=6f(-1)=6f(−1)=6, −a+b−c+d=6...(4)-a+b-c+d=6 \quad ...(4)−a+b−c+d=6...(4)

  5. Substitute b=3ab=3ab=3a into (1)(1)(1)

    3a+2(3a)+c=03a+2(3a)+c=03a+2(3a)+c=0 3a+6a+c=03a+6a+c=03a+6a+c=0 c=−9a...(5)c=-9a \quad ...(5)c=−9a...(5)

  6. Now use equations (3)(3)(3) and (4)(4)(4)

    From (3)(3)(3): a+3a−9a+d=−10a+3a-9a+d=-10a+3a−9a+d=−10 −5a+d=−10...(6)-5a+d=-10 \quad ...(6)−5a+d=−10...(6)

    From (4)(4)(4): −a+3a−(−9a)+d=6-a+3a-(-9a)+d=6−a+3a−(−9a)+d=6 −a+3a+9a+d=6-a+3a+9a+d=6−a+3a+9a+d=6 11a+d=6...(7)11a+d=6 \quad ...(7)11a+d=6...(7)

  7. Solve for aaa and ddd

    Subtract (6)(6)(6) from (7)(7)(7): 11a+d−(−5a+d)=6−(−10)11a+d-(-5a+d)=6-(-10)11a+d−(−5a+d)=6−(−10) 16a=1616a=1616a=16 a=1a=1a=1

    Then, b=3, c=−9b=3,\, c=-9b=3,c=−9 and from (6)(6)(6), −5(1)+d=−10-5(1)+d=-10−5(1)+d=−10 d=−5d=-5d=−5

    Therefore, f(x)=x3+3x2−9x−5f(x)=x^3+3x^2-9x-5f(x)=x3+3x2−9x−5

  8. Check the minimum condition at x=1x=1x=1

    f′′(x)=6x+6f''(x)=6x+6f′′(x)=6x+6 f′′(1)=12>0f''(1)=12>0f′′(1)=12>0 So x=1x=1x=1 is indeed a local minimum.

  9. Compute f(3)f(3)f(3)

    f(3)=33+3(32)−9(3)−5f(3)=3^3+3(3^2)-9(3)-5f(3)=33+3(32)−9(3)−5 =27+27−27−5=27+27-27-5=27+27−27−5 =22=22=22

  10. Comparison with stored answer

Derived answer is 222222, which matches the stored correct answer.

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