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Application of Derivatives question

2020 · 3 Sep · Shift 1 · Q27
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  5. /2020 · 3 Sep · Shift 1 · Q27

Application of Derivatives question

2020 · 3 Sep · Shift 1 · Q27

JEE MainMathematicsApplication of DerivativesMCQ+4 / −1
The function, f(x) = (3x – 7)x2/3, x ∈\in∈ R, is increasing for all x lying in :
  1. A
    (−∞,0)∪(37,∞)\left( { - \infty ,0} \right) \cup \left( {{3 \over 7},\infty } \right)(−∞,0)∪(73​,∞)
  2. B
    (−∞,0)∪(1415,∞)\left( { - \infty ,0} \right) \cup \left( {{{14} \over {15}},\infty } \right)(−∞,0)∪(1514​,∞)
  3. C
    (−∞,1415)\left( { - \infty ,{{14} \over {15}}} \right)(−∞,1514​)
  4. D
    (−∞,1415)∪(0,∞)\left( { - \infty ,{{14} \over {15}}} \right) \cup \left( {0,\infty } \right)(−∞,1514​)∪(0,∞)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Given function

We need the interval where f(x)=(3x−7)x2/3, x∈Rf(x)=(3x-7)x^{2/3}, \, x\in \mathbb Rf(x)=(3x−7)x2/3,x∈R is increasing.

  1. Differentiate the function

Using product rule: f(x)=(3x−7)x2/3f(x)=(3x-7)x^{2/3}f(x)=(3x−7)x2/3

So, f′(x)=3x2/3+(3x−7)⋅23x−1/3f'(x)=3x^{2/3}+(3x-7)\cdot \frac{2}{3}x^{-1/3}f′(x)=3x2/3+(3x−7)⋅32​x−1/3

Take common factor x−1/3x^{-1/3}x−1/3: f′(x)=x−1/3(3x+23(3x−7))f'(x)=x^{-1/3}\left(3x+\frac{2}{3}(3x-7)\right)f′(x)=x−1/3(3x+32​(3x−7))

Simplify the bracket: 3x+23(3x−7)=3x+2x−143=5x−1433x+\frac{2}{3}(3x-7)=3x+2x-\frac{14}{3}=5x-\frac{14}{3}3x+32​(3x−7)=3x+2x−314​=5x−314​

Hence, f′(x)=x−1/3(5x−143)f'(x)=x^{-1/3}\left(5x-\frac{14}{3}\right)f′(x)=x−1/3(5x−314​)

Or, f′(x)=13x−1/3(15x−14)f'(x)=\frac{1}{3}x^{-1/3}(15x-14)f′(x)=31​x−1/3(15x−14)

  1. Critical points

For monotonicity, check where f′(x)=0f'(x)=0f′(x)=0 or undefined.

  • f′(x)=0f'(x)=0f′(x)=0 when 15x−14=0  ⟹  x=141515x-14=0 \implies x=\frac{14}{15}15x−14=0⟹x=1514​
  • f′(x)f'(x)f′(x) is undefined at x=0x=0x=0

So divide the real line into intervals: (−∞,0),(0,1415),(1415,∞)(-\infty,0), \quad (0,\tfrac{14}{15}), \quad (\tfrac{14}{15},\infty)(−∞,0),(0,1514​),(1514​,∞)

  1. Sign analysis of f′(x)f'(x)f′(x)

Since f′(x)=13x−1/3(15x−14),f'(x)=\frac{1}{3}x^{-1/3}(15x-14),f′(x)=31​x−1/3(15x−14), the sign depends on x−1/3x^{-1/3}x−1/3 and (15x−14)(15x-14)(15x−14).

  • For x<0x<0x<0:

    • x−1/3<0x^{-1/3}<0x−1/3<0
    • 15x−14<015x-14<015x−14<0
    • Product is positive

    Therefore, f′(x)>0f'(x)>0f′(x)>0 on (−∞,0)(-\infty,0)(−∞,0).

  • For 0<x<14150<x<\frac{14}{15}0<x<1514​:

    • x−1/3>0x^{-1/3}>0x−1/3>0
    • 15x−14<015x-14<015x−14<0
    • Product is negative

    Therefore, f′(x)<0f'(x)<0f′(x)<0 on (0,1415)(0,\tfrac{14}{15})(0,1514​).

  • For x>1415x>\frac{14}{15}x>1514​:

    • x−1/3>0x^{-1/3}>0x−1/3>0
    • 15x−14>015x-14>015x−14>0
    • Product is positive

    Therefore, f′(x)>0f'(x)>0f′(x)>0 on (1415,∞)(\tfrac{14}{15},\infty)(1514​,∞).

  1. Conclusion

The function is increasing where f′(x)>0f'(x)>0f′(x)>0, i.e. (−∞,0)∪(1415,∞)(-\infty,0)\cup\left(\frac{14}{15},\infty\right)(−∞,0)∪(1514​,∞)

  1. Match with options

This is Option B.

  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: B

Our derived answer: B

So they agree.

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