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Structure of Atom question

2021 · 26 Feb · Shift 2 · Q6
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Structure of Atom question

2021 · 26 Feb · Shift 2 · Q6

JEE MainChemistryStructure of AtomMCQ+4 / −1
Which of the following forms of hydrogen emits low energy β\betaβ- particles?
  1. A
    Tritium 13_1^313​ H
  2. B
    Proton H+H^+H+
  3. C
    Protium 11_1^111​ H
  4. D
    Deuterium 12_1^212​ H
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. Identify which hydrogen isotope can emit β\betaβ-particles

    Hydrogen has three common forms:

    • Protium: 11H_1^1\mathrm{H}11​H
    • Deuterium: 12H_1^2\mathrm{H}12​H
    • Tritium: 13H_1^3\mathrm{H}13​H

  2. Recall what β−\beta^-β− decay means

    In β−\beta^-β− decay, a neutron converts into a proton and emits an electron (β−\beta^-β− particle) and an antineutrino: n→p+e−+νˉn \rightarrow p + e^- + \bar{\nu}n→p+e−+νˉ

    Therefore, nuclei having excess neutrons may undergo β−\beta^-β− decay.

  3. Check each option

    A: Tritium 13H_1^3\mathrm{H}13​H

    • Composition: 1 proton and 2 neutrons
    • Tritium is radioactive and undergoes: $$$_1^3\mathrm{H} \rightarrow $_2^3\mathrm{He} + e^- + \bar{\nu}$$
    • It emits low-energy β−\beta^-β− particles.
    • So, A is correct.

    B: Proton H+H^+H+

    • A proton is just a positively charged hydrogen nucleus.
    • It does not emit β−\beta^-β− particles.
    • Incorrect.

    C: Protium 11H_1^1\mathrm{H}11​H

    • Composition: 1 proton, 0 neutrons
    • Stable isotope, does not show β−\beta^-β− decay.
    • Incorrect.

    D: Deuterium 12H_1^2\mathrm{H}12​H

    • Composition: 1 proton, 1 neutron
    • Stable isotope, does not emit β−\beta^-β− particles.
    • Incorrect.

  4. Conclusion

    The hydrogen isotope that emits low-energy β−\beta^-β− particles is: Tritium (13H)\boxed{\text{Tritium } (_1^3\mathrm{H})}Tritium (13​H)​

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