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Haloalkanes and Haloarenes question

2015 · Shift 0 · Q14
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Haloalkanes and Haloarenes question

2015 · Shift 0 · Q14

JEE MainChemistryHaloalkanes and HaloarenesMCQ+4 / −1
The synthesis of alkyl fluorides is best accomplished by:
  1. A
    Sandmeyer’s reaction
  2. B
    Finkelstein reaction
  3. C
    Swarts reaction
  4. D
    Free radical fluorination
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Identify what is being asked

We need the best method for synthesis of alkyl fluorides.

That is, we want a reaction that converts alkyl halides into alkyl fluorides efficiently.


  1. Check each option

Option A: Sandmeyer’s reaction

Sandmeyer reaction is used mainly for converting aryl diazonium salts into aryl halides such as:

ArN2+X−→CuXArXArN_2^+X^- \xrightarrow[ ]{CuX} ArXArN2+​X−CuX​ArX

This is mainly useful for aryl chlorides, bromides, cyanides, etc., not for general preparation of alkyl fluorides.

So, A is incorrect.


Option B: Finkelstein reaction

Finkelstein reaction is halogen exchange typically used to prepare alkyl iodides from alkyl chlorides or bromides using sodium iodide in acetone:

RCl+NaI→RI+NaClRCl + NaI \rightarrow RI + NaClRCl+NaI→RI+NaCl

It is especially useful for making iodides, not fluorides.

So, B is incorrect.


Option C: Swarts reaction

Swarts reaction is specifically used for preparing alkyl fluorides by heating alkyl chlorides or bromides with metallic fluorides such as AgFAgFAgF, Hg2F2Hg_2F_2Hg2​F2​, CoF2CoF_2CoF2​, or SbF3SbF_3SbF3​:

RCl→AgFRFRCl \xrightarrow[]{AgF} RFRClAgF​RF

This is the standard and best-known method for synthesis of alkyl fluorides.

So, C is correct.


Option D: Free radical fluorination

Direct fluorination by free radical mechanism is highly uncontrolled because fluorine is extremely reactive. It often gives side reactions and is not the preferred method for preparing alkyl fluorides.

So, D is incorrect.


  1. Conclusion

The best method for synthesis of alkyl fluorides is:

Swarts reaction\boxed{\text{Swarts reaction}}Swarts reaction​

So the correct option is:

C\boxed{C}C​
  1. Comparison with stored correct answer

Stored correct answer: C

My derived answer: C

They match.

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