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Electrochemistry question

2017 · Shift 0 · Q17
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Electrochemistry question

2017 · Shift 0 · Q17

JEE MainChemistryElectrochemistryMCQ+4 / −1
Given ECl2/Cl−oE_{C{l_2}/C{l^ - }}^oECl2​/Cl−o​= 1.36 V, ECr3+/CroE_{C{r^{3 + }}/Cr}^oECr3+/Cro​= - 0.74 V ECr2O72−/Cr3+oE_{C{r_2}{O_7}^{2 - }/C{r^{3 + }}}^oECr2​O7​2−/Cr3+o​= 1.33 V, EMnO4−/Mn2+oE_{Mn{O_4}^ - /Mn ^{2+}}^oEMnO4​−/Mn2+o​ = 1.51 V Among the following, the strongest reducing agent is :
  1. A
    Mn2+Mn^{2+}Mn2+
  2. B
    Cr3+Cr^{3+}Cr3+
  3. C
    Cl–
  4. D
    Cr
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Concept: The strongest reducing agent is the species that is most easily oxidized.

    Equivalently, among the given species, the best reducing agent will correspond to the most negative reduction potential for its conjugate reduction half-reaction.

  2. Examine the options one by one

    We are given standard reduction potentials:

    ECl2/Cl−∘=+1.36 VE^\circ_{Cl_2/Cl^-}=+1.36\,\text{V}ECl2​/Cl−∘​=+1.36V ECr3+/Cr∘=−0.74 VE^\circ_{Cr^{3+}/Cr}=-0.74\,\text{V}ECr3+/Cr∘​=−0.74V ECr2O72−/Cr3+∘=+1.33 VE^\circ_{Cr_2O_7^{2-}/Cr^{3+}}=+1.33\,\text{V}ECr2​O72−​/Cr3+∘​=+1.33V EMnO4−/Mn2+∘=+1.51 VE^\circ_{MnO_4^-/Mn^{2+}}=+1.51\,\text{V}EMnO4−​/Mn2+∘​=+1.51V

  3. Relate each option to its oxidation tendency

    • Option A: Mn2+Mn^{2+}Mn2+

      From MnO4−+8H++5e−→Mn2++4H2O,E∘=+1.51 VMnO_4^- + 8H^+ + 5e^- \to Mn^{2+} + 4H_2O, \quad E^\circ=+1.51\,\text{V}MnO4−​+8H++5e−→Mn2++4H2​O,E∘=+1.51V the reverse oxidation is Mn2+→MnO4−Mn^{2+} \to MnO_4^-Mn2+→MnO4−​ with Eox∘=−1.51 VE^\circ_{ox}=-1.51\,\text{V}Eox∘​=−1.51V Very unfavorable. So Mn2+Mn^{2+}Mn2+ is not a strong reducing agent.

    • Option B: Cr3+Cr^{3+}Cr3+

      From Cr2O72−+14H++6e−→2Cr3++7H2O,E∘=+1.33 VCr_2O_7^{2-} + 14H^+ + 6e^- \to 2Cr^{3+} + 7H_2O, \quad E^\circ=+1.33\,\text{V}Cr2​O72−​+14H++6e−→2Cr3++7H2​O,E∘=+1.33V reverse oxidation of Cr3+Cr^{3+}Cr3+ to dichromate is unfavorable: Eox∘=−1.33 VE^\circ_{ox}=-1.33\,\text{V}Eox∘​=−1.33V Also from Cr3++3e−→Cr,E∘=−0.74 VCr^{3+}+3e^-\to Cr, \quad E^\circ=-0.74\,\text{V}Cr3++3e−→Cr,E∘=−0.74V this shows Cr3+Cr^{3+}Cr3+ itself prefers reduction rather than oxidation. So Cr3+Cr^{3+}Cr3+ is not a strong reducing agent.

    • Option C: Cl−Cl^-Cl−

      From Cl2+2e−→2Cl−,E∘=+1.36 VCl_2 + 2e^- \to 2Cl^-, \quad E^\circ=+1.36\,\text{V}Cl2​+2e−→2Cl−,E∘=+1.36V oxidation is 2Cl−→Cl2+2e−2Cl^- \to Cl_2 + 2e^-2Cl−→Cl2​+2e− with Eox∘=−1.36 VE^\circ_{ox}=-1.36\,\text{V}Eox∘​=−1.36V Again unfavorable. So Cl−Cl^-Cl− is not the strongest reducing agent.

    • Option D: CrCrCr

      Given Cr3++3e−→Cr,E∘=−0.74 VCr^{3+}+3e^-\to Cr, \quad E^\circ=-0.74\,\text{V}Cr3++3e−→Cr,E∘=−0.74V therefore oxidation of chromium is Cr→Cr3++3e−Cr \to Cr^{3+}+3e^-Cr→Cr3++3e− with Eox∘=+0.74 VE^\circ_{ox}=+0.74\,\text{V}Eox∘​=+0.74V This is favorable compared with the other options.

  4. Comparison

    The oxidation tendencies are:

    • Mn2+Mn^{2+}Mn2+: −1.51 V-1.51\,\text{V}−1.51V
    • Cr3+Cr^{3+}Cr3+: very unfavorable as reducing agent
    • Cl−Cl^-Cl−: −1.36 V-1.36\,\text{V}−1.36V
    • CrCrCr: +0.74 V+0.74\,\text{V}+0.74V

    The species with the greatest tendency to get oxidized is CrCrCr.

  5. Final answer

    Cr\boxed{Cr}Cr​

    So the strongest reducing agent is Option D.

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