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Chemical Kinetics and Nuclear Chemistry question

2023 · 25 Jan · Shift 1 · Q22
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Chemical Kinetics and Nuclear Chemistry question

2023 · 25 Jan · Shift 1 · Q22

JEE MainChemistryChemical Kinetics and Nuclear ChemistryNumerical+4 / −1
For the first order reaction A →\to→ B, the half life is 30 min. The time taken for 75% completion of the reaction is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​ min. (Nearest integer) Given : log 2 = 0.3010 log 3 = 0.4771 log 5 = 0.6989
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 60

  1. Given data

    • Reaction is first order.
    • Half-life: t1/2=30 mint_{1/2} = 30\,\text{min}t1/2​=30min.
    • We need the time for 75% completion.
  2. Interpret 75% completion If 75% of AAA has reacted, then 25% remains. So, [A]t=0.25[A]0=[A]04[A]_t = 0.25[A]_0 = \frac{[A]_0}{4}[A]t​=0.25[A]0​=4[A]0​​

  3. First-order integrated rate law For a first-order reaction, t=2.303klog⁡[A]0[A]tt = \frac{2.303}{k} \log \frac{[A]_0}{[A]_t}t=k2.303​log[A]t​[A]0​​ Substituting [A]t=[A]0/4[A]_t = [A]_0/4[A]t​=[A]0​/4, t=2.303klog⁡4t = \frac{2.303}{k} \log 4t=k2.303​log4

  4. Use half-life relation for first order reaction For a first-order reaction, t1/2=0.693kt_{1/2} = \frac{0.693}{k}t1/2​=k0.693​ Given t1/2=30t_{1/2}=30t1/2​=30 min, 0.693k=30\frac{0.693}{k} = 30k0.693​=30

    Instead of finding kkk separately, note that reducing from [A]0[A]_0[A]0​ to [A]0/4[A]_0/4[A]0​/4 means:

    • one half-life takes concentration to [A]0/2[A]_0/2[A]0​/2
    • second half-life takes concentration to [A]0/4[A]_0/4[A]0​/4

    Therefore, time required is simply 2 half-lives: t=2×30=60 mint = 2 \times 30 = 60\,\text{min}t=2×30=60min

  5. Verification using logarithms Since, log⁡4=log⁡(22)=2log⁡2=2(0.3010)=0.6020\log 4 = \log(2^2)=2\log 2 = 2(0.3010)=0.6020log4=log(22)=2log2=2(0.3010)=0.6020 and t=2.303k(0.6020)t = \frac{2.303}{k}(0.6020)t=k2.303​(0.6020) while 30=0.693k=2.303×0.3010k30 = \frac{0.693}{k} = \frac{2.303\times 0.3010}{k}30=k0.693​=k2.303×0.3010​ So, t=2×30=60 mint = 2\times 30 = 60\,\text{min}t=2×30=60min

  6. Final answer 60\boxed{60}60​

The derived answer matches the stored correct answer.

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