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Basics of Organic Chemistry question

2019 · 10 Apr · Shift 1 · Q10
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Basics of Organic Chemistry question

2019 · 10 Apr · Shift 1 · Q10

JEE MainChemistryBasics of Organic ChemistryMCQ+4 / −1
The principle of column chromatography is :
  1. A
    Gravitational force.
  2. B
    Capillary action.
  3. C
    Differential adsorption of the substances on the solid phase.
  4. D
    Differential absorption of the substances on the solid phase.
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Recall the principle of column chromatography

    Column chromatography is a separation technique in which a mixture is passed through a column packed with a solid stationary phase (such as silica gel or alumina) and a liquid mobile phase.

  2. How separation occurs

    Different components of the mixture interact differently with the solid surface:

    • Substances that are more strongly adsorbed on the stationary phase move more slowly.
    • Substances that are less strongly adsorbed move faster with the solvent.

    Thus, separation is based on differential adsorption.

  3. Check each option

    A: Gravitational force

    • Gravity may help the solvent move downward in a simple column, but it is not the principle of separation.
    • So, this is incorrect.

    B: Capillary action

    • Capillary action is mainly associated with paper chromatography or thin-layer chromatography, not the separation principle of column chromatography.
    • So, this is incorrect.

    C: Differential adsorption of the substances on the solid phase

    • This exactly states the principle of column chromatography.
    • So, this is correct.

    D: Differential absorption of the substances on the solid phase

    • The correct term is adsorption (surface phenomenon), not absorption (bulk phenomenon).
    • So, this is incorrect.

  4. Final answer

    The correct option is C.

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