1. Identify the compound

   The given compound is Benzene-1,2-diol.

   This means a benzene ring has two hydroxyl groups $-OH$ attached at positions $1$ and $2$, i.e. in the ortho position.

2. Recall common names of benzene diols

   The three common benzene diols are:

   • Benzene-$1,2$-diol $\rightarrow$ catechol
   • Benzene-$1,3$-diol $\rightarrow$ resorcinol
   • Benzene-$1,4$-diol $\rightarrow$ quinol (or hydroquinone)

3. Match with the given compound

   Since the compound is Benzene-$1,2$-diol, its common name is:

   $\boxed{\text{catechol}}$

4. Check options

   • A: catechol  Correct
   • B: quinol  Benzene-$1,4$-diol
   • C: o-cresol  Methylphenol, not a dihydroxybenzene
   • D: resorcinol  Benzene-$1,3$-diol

Therefore, the correct option is A.