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Capacitor question

2007 · Shift 1 · Q50
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Capacitor question

2007 · Shift 1 · Q50

JEE AdvancedPhysicsCapacitorMCQ+3 / −1
A circuit is connected as shown in the figure with the switch S open. When the switch is closed, the total amount of charge that flows from Y to X is IIT-JEE 2007 Paper 1 Offline Physics - Capacitor Question 5 English
  1. A
    0
  2. B
    54 μ\muμ C
  3. C
    27 μ\muμ C
  4. D
    81 μ\muμ C
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

The provided solution requires interpreting the circuit diagram in a specific way that might not be immediately obvious. Based on the options, the intended configuration is likely that the capacitors are in series. Let's solve the problem with this assumption.

Assumed Circuit Configuration: The 3 µF capacitor (C1) and the 6 µF capacitor (C2) are connected in series across the 9V battery. Point Y is the junction between the two capacitors. Point X is connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The switch S connects points Y and X.

Let's set the potential of the negative terminal of the battery (and point X) to be 0 V. Then the potential of the positive terminal is 9 V.

Step 1: Initial State (Switch S is open)

  1. Equivalent Capacitance: When two capacitors are in series, the equivalent capacitance (CeqC_{eq}Ceq​) is given by: Ceq=C1C2C1+C2=(3μF)(6μF)3μF+6μF=189μF=2μFC_{eq} = \frac{C_1 C_2}{C_1 + C_2} = \frac{(3 \mu F)(6 \mu F)}{3 \mu F + 6 \mu F} = \frac{18}{9} \mu F = 2 \mu FCeq​=C1​+C2​C1​C2​​=3μF+6μF(3μF)(6μF)​=918​μF=2μF

  2. Total Charge: The total charge drawn from the battery and stored on the series combination is: Q=CeqV=(2μF)(9V)=18μCQ = C_{eq} V = (2 \mu F)(9 V) = 18 \mu CQ=Ceq​V=(2μF)(9V)=18μC In a series combination, this is the magnitude of the charge on each capacitor. Q1=Q2=18μCQ_1 = Q_2 = 18 \mu CQ1​=Q2​=18μC.

  3. Potential Distribution: The potential difference across each capacitor is: V1=QC1=18μC3μF=6VV_1 = \frac{Q}{C_1} = \frac{18 \mu C}{3 \mu F} = 6 VV1​=C1​Q​=3μF18μC​=6V V2=QC2=18μC6μF=3VV_2 = \frac{Q}{C_2} = \frac{18 \mu C}{6 \mu F} = 3 VV2​=C2​Q​=6μF18μC​=3V (Check: V1+V2=6V+3V=9VV_1 + V_2 = 6 V + 3 V = 9 VV1​+V2​=6V+3V=9V, which is the battery voltage).

  4. Initial Potentials and Charges:

    • Potential at X: VX=0VV_X = 0 VVX​=0V.
    • Potential at Y: Point Y is between C1 and C2. Its potential is the voltage across C2 relative to point X. VY=VX+V2=0V+3V=3VV_Y = V_X + V_2 = 0 V + 3 V = 3 VVY​=VX​+V2​=0V+3V=3V.
    • Charge on the plates connected to Y:
      • The plate of C1 connected to Y is at a lower potential (3V) than its other plate (9V), so its charge is negative: q1Y,initial=−18μCq_{1Y, initial} = -18 \mu Cq1Y,initial​=−18μC.
      • The plate of C2 connected to Y is at a higher potential (3V) than its other plate (0V), so its charge is positive: q2Y,initial=+18μCq_{2Y, initial} = +18 \mu Cq2Y,initial​=+18μC.

Step 2: Final State (Switch S is closed)

  1. Final Potentials: When the switch S is closed, it connects points Y and X. This forces them to be at the same potential. Since VX=0VV_X = 0 VVX​=0V, the final potential of Y is VY,final=0VV_{Y, final} = 0 VVY,final​=0V.

  2. Final Charges:

    • Capacitor C1 (3 µF): It is now connected between the positive terminal (9 V) and point Y (0 V). The potential difference across it is 9V−0V=9V9 V - 0 V = 9 V9V−0V=9V. The final charge on C1 is Q1′=C1(9V)=(3μF)(9V)=27μCQ'_1 = C_1 (9 V) = (3 \mu F)(9 V) = 27 \mu CQ1′​=C1​(9V)=(3μF)(9V)=27μC. The plate connected to Y is at the lower potential (0V), so its final charge is q1Y,final=−27μCq_{1Y, final} = -27 \mu Cq1Y,final​=−27μC.
    • Capacitor C2 (6 µF): It is now connected between point Y (0 V) and point X (0 V). The potential difference across it is 0 V. The final charge on C2 is Q2′=0Q'_2 = 0Q2′​=0. The final charge on the plate connected to Y is q2Y,final=0q_{2Y, final} = 0q2Y,final​=0.

Step 3: Calculate Charge Flow

We need to find the total charge that flows from Y to X through the switch. Let this be QY→XQ_{Y \to X}QY→X​. We can find this by applying the principle of charge conservation at node Y.

The sum of charges flowing out from node Y must be zero. The charge flows out from Y into the plates of the capacitors and through the switch.

Charge flow from Y to C1's plate = Change in charge of C1's plate connected to Y. QY→C1=Δq1Y=q1Y,final−q1Y,initial=(−27μC)−(−18μC)=−9μCQ_{Y \to C1} = \Delta q_{1Y} = q_{1Y, final} - q_{1Y, initial} = (-27 \mu C) - (-18 \mu C) = -9 \mu CQY→C1​=Δq1Y​=q1Y,final​−q1Y,initial​=(−27μC)−(−18μC)=−9μC

Charge flow from Y to C2's plate = Change in charge of C2's plate connected to Y. QY→C2=Δq2Y=q2Y,final−q2Y,initial=(0μC)−(18μC)=−18μCQ_{Y \to C2} = \Delta q_{2Y} = q_{2Y, final} - q_{2Y, initial} = (0 \mu C) - (18 \mu C) = -18 \mu CQY→C2​=Δq2Y​=q2Y,final​−q2Y,initial​=(0μC)−(18μC)=−18μC

Applying charge conservation at node Y: QY→C1+QY→C2+QY→X=0Q_{Y \to C1} + Q_{Y \to C2} + Q_{Y \to X} = 0QY→C1​+QY→C2​+QY→X​=0 (−9μC)+(−18μC)+QY→X=0(-9 \mu C) + (-18 \mu C) + Q_{Y \to X} = 0(−9μC)+(−18μC)+QY→X​=0 −27μC+QY→X=0-27 \mu C + Q_{Y \to X} = 0−27μC+QY→X​=0 QY→X=27μCQ_{Y \to X} = 27 \mu CQY→X​=27μC

Thus, the total amount of charge that flows from Y to X is 27 µC.

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