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Capacitor question

2023 · Shift 1 · Q39
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  5. /2023 · Shift 1 · Q39

Capacitor question

2023 · Shift 1 · Q39

JEE AdvancedPhysicsCapacitorMCQ+3 / −1
A container has a base of 50 cm×5 cm50 \mathrm{~cm} \times 5 \mathrm{~cm}50 cm×5 cm and height 50 cm50 \mathrm{~cm}50 cm, as shown in the figure. It has two parallel electrically conducting walls each of area 50 cm×50 cm50 \mathrm{~cm} \times 50 \mathrm{~cm}50 cm×50 cm. The remaining walls of the container are thin and non-conducting. The container is being filled with a liquid of dielectric constant 3 at a uniform rate of 250 cm3 s−1250 \mathrm{~cm}^3 \mathrm{~s}^{-1}250 cm3 s−1. What is the value of the capacitance of the container after 10 seconds? [Given: Permittivity of free space ϵ0=9×10−12C2 N−1 m−2\epsilon_0=9 \times 10^{-12} \mathrm{C}^2 \mathrm{~N}^{-1} \mathrm{~m}^{-2}ϵ0​=9×10−12C2 N−1 m−2, the effects of the non-conducting walls on the capacitance are negligible] JEE Advanced 2023 Paper 1 Online Physics - Capacitor Question 2 English
  1. A
    27 pF27 ~\mathrm{pF}27 pF
  2. B
    63 pF63 ~\mathrm{pF}63 pF
  3. C
    81 pF81 ~\mathrm{pF}81 pF
  4. D
    135 pF135 ~\mathrm{pF}135 pF
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Understand the geometry

The two conducting walls are parallel plates of dimensions 50 cm×50 cm50\text{ cm} \times 50\text{ cm}50 cm×50 cm so the effective plate area is A=50×50=2500 cm2=0.25 m2.A = 50 \times 50 = 2500\text{ cm}^2 = 0.25\text{ m}^2.A=50×50=2500 cm2=0.25 m2.

The separation between the plates is the width of the container: d=5 cm=0.05 m.d = 5\text{ cm} = 0.05\text{ m}.d=5 cm=0.05 m.

The total height of the container is 50 cm.50\text{ cm}.50 cm.


  1. Find the volume of liquid filled in 10 s

Liquid is poured at the rate 250 cm3/s.250\text{ cm}^3\text{/s}.250 cm3/s.

So in 101010 s, volume filled is V=250×10=2500 cm3.V = 250 \times 10 = 2500\text{ cm}^3.V=250×10=2500 cm3.


  1. Find the height of liquid

Base area of container: Abase=50 cm×5 cm=250 cm2.A_{\text{base}} = 50\text{ cm} \times 5\text{ cm} = 250\text{ cm}^2.Abase​=50 cm×5 cm=250 cm2.

Hence liquid height after 10 s is h=VAbase=2500250=10 cm.h = \frac{V}{A_{\text{base}}} = \frac{2500}{250} = 10\text{ cm}.h=Abase​V​=2502500​=10 cm.

So:

  • lower 101010 cm region between plates contains dielectric of constant K=3K=3K=3,
  • upper 404040 cm region contains air (K=1)(K=1)(K=1).

  1. Model as two capacitors in parallel

Since the dielectric fills the lower part between the same pair of plates, the arrangement is equivalent to two parallel capacitors:

  • one with dielectric, area A1A_1A1​
  • one with air, area A2A_2A2​

Areas: A1=50 cm×10 cm=500 cm2=0.05 m2,A_1 = 50\text{ cm} \times 10\text{ cm} = 500\text{ cm}^2 = 0.05\text{ m}^2,A1​=50 cm×10 cm=500 cm2=0.05 m2, A2=50 cm×40 cm=2000 cm2=0.20 m2.A_2 = 50\text{ cm} \times 40\text{ cm} = 2000\text{ cm}^2 = 0.20\text{ m}^2.A2​=50 cm×40 cm=2000 cm2=0.20 m2.

Total capacitance: C=Kϵ0A1d+ϵ0A2d.C = \frac{K\epsilon_0 A_1}{d} + \frac{\epsilon_0 A_2}{d}.C=dKϵ0​A1​​+dϵ0​A2​​.

Substitute values: C=ϵ0d(3A1+A2).C = \frac{\epsilon_0}{d}(3A_1 + A_2).C=dϵ0​​(3A1​+A2​).

Now, 3A1+A2=3(0.05)+0.20=0.15+0.20=0.35 m2.3A_1 + A_2 = 3(0.05) + 0.20 = 0.15 + 0.20 = 0.35\text{ m}^2.3A1​+A2​=3(0.05)+0.20=0.15+0.20=0.35 m2.

Therefore, C=9×10−120.05×0.35.C = \frac{9\times 10^{-12}}{0.05}\times 0.35.C=0.059×10−12​×0.35.

C=9×10−12×7.C = 9\times 10^{-12} \times 7.C=9×10−12×7.

C=63×10−12 F=63 pF.C = 63\times 10^{-12}\text{ F} = 63\text{ pF}.C=63×10−12 F=63 pF.


  1. Check options

The correct option is: B: 63 pF\boxed{\text{B: }63\text{ pF}}B: 63 pF​

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