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Atoms and Nuclei question

2016 · Shift 1 · Q51
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Atoms and Nuclei question

2016 · Shift 1 · Q51

JEE AdvancedPhysicsAtoms and NucleiNumerical+3 / −1
A hydrogen atom in its ground state is irradiated by light of wavelength 970 Ao\mathop A\limits^oAo​. Taking hc = 1.237 ×\times× 10 −-− 6 eVm and the ground state energy of hydrogen atom as −-− 13.6 eV, the number of lines present in the emission spectrum is
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 6

Step-by-step Solution:

  1. Calculate the energy of the incident photon. The energy of a photon is given by the formula E=hcλE = \frac{hc}{\lambda}E=λhc​. Given values are:

    • Wavelength of light, λ=970Ao=970×10−10 m\lambda = 970 \mathop A\limits^o = 970 \times 10^{-10} \text{ m}λ=970Ao​=970×10−10 m.
    • Product of Planck's constant and speed of light, hc=1.237×10−6 eVmhc = 1.237 \times 10^{-6} \text{ eVm}hc=1.237×10−6 eVm.

    Substitute these values into the energy formula: Ephoton=1.237×10−6 eVm970×10−10 m=1.237×10−69.7×10−8 eVE_{photon} = \frac{1.237 \times 10^{-6} \text{ eVm}}{970 \times 10^{-10} \text{ m}} = \frac{1.237 \times 10^{-6}}{9.7 \times 10^{-8}} \text{ eV}Ephoton​=970×10−10 m1.237×10−6 eVm​=9.7×10−81.237×10−6​ eV Ephoton=1.2379.7×102 eV=123.79.7 eV≈12.75 eVE_{photon} = \frac{1.237}{9.7} \times 10^2 \text{ eV} = \frac{123.7}{9.7} \text{ eV} \approx 12.75 \text{ eV}Ephoton​=9.71.237​×102 eV=9.7123.7​ eV≈12.75 eV

  2. Determine the excited state of the hydrogen atom. The hydrogen atom is initially in its ground state (n=1n=1n=1), which has an energy of E1=−13.6 eVE_1 = -13.6 \text{ eV}E1​=−13.6 eV. When the atom absorbs the photon, the electron transitions to a higher energy level, nnn. The energy of the electron in this new state, EnE_nEn​, is the sum of its initial energy and the absorbed photon's energy. En=E1+EphotonE_n = E_1 + E_{photon}En​=E1​+Ephoton​ En=−13.6 eV+12.75 eV=−0.85 eVE_n = -13.6 \text{ eV} + 12.75 \text{ eV} = -0.85 \text{ eV}En​=−13.6 eV+12.75 eV=−0.85 eV

    The energy of an electron in the n-th state of a hydrogen atom is given by the formula En=−13.6n2 eVE_n = \frac{-13.6}{n^2} \text{ eV}En​=n2−13.6​ eV. We can use this to find the principal quantum number 'n' of the excited state. −0.85 eV=−13.6n2 eV-0.85 \text{ eV} = \frac{-13.6}{n^2} \text{ eV}−0.85 eV=n2−13.6​ eV n2=−13.6−0.85=136085n^2 = \frac{-13.6}{-0.85} = \frac{1360}{85}n2=−0.85−13.6​=851360​ To simplify the fraction, divide the numerator and denominator by 5: n2=27217=16n^2 = \frac{272}{17} = 16n2=17272​=16 Taking the square root, we get: n=16=4n = \sqrt{16} = 4n=16​=4 So, the electron is excited to the n=4n=4n=4 energy level.

  3. Calculate the number of lines in the emission spectrum. After excitation to the n=4n=4n=4 state, the electron will de-excite to lower energy levels, emitting photons in the process. Each possible transition corresponds to a spectral line. The total number of possible spectral lines when an electron de-excites from the n-th level is given by the formula: N=n(n−1)2N = \frac{n(n-1)}{2}N=2n(n−1)​ For n=4n=4n=4, the number of lines is: N=4(4−1)2=4×32=122=6N = \frac{4(4-1)}{2} = \frac{4 \times 3}{2} = \frac{12}{2} = 6N=24(4−1)​=24×3​=212​=6

    The possible transitions are from n=4n=4n=4 to n=3,2,1n=3,2,1n=3,2,1; from n=3n=3n=3 to n=2,1n=2,1n=2,1; and from n=2n=2n=2 to n=1n=1n=1. This gives a total of 3+2+1=63 + 2 + 1 = 63+2+1=6 lines.

Final Answer:

The number of lines present in the emission spectrum is 6.

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