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Vector Algebra question

2007 · Shift 1 · Q29
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  5. /2007 · Shift 1 · Q29

Vector Algebra question

2007 · Shift 1 · Q29

JEE AdvancedMathematicsVector AlgebraMCQ+3 / −1
The number of distinct real values of λ\lambdaλ, for which the vectors −λ2i^+j^+k^,i^−λ2j^+k^- {\lambda ^2}\widehat i + \widehat j + \widehat k,\widehat i - {\lambda ^2}\widehat j + \widehat k−λ2i+j​+k,i−λ2j​+k and i^+j^−λ2k^\widehat i + \widehat j - {\lambda ^2}\widehat ki+j​−λ2k are coplanar, is :
  1. A
    zero
  2. B
    one
  3. C
    two
  4. D
    three
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

Step-by-step Solution:

  1. Condition for Coplanarity: Three vectors a⃗\vec{a}a, b⃗\vec{b}b, and c⃗\vec{c}c are coplanar if and only if their scalar triple product is zero. The scalar triple product, denoted as [a⃗ b⃗ c⃗][\vec{a} \ \vec{b} \ \vec{c}][a b c], is given by the determinant of the matrix formed by their components.

    The given vectors are: a⃗=−λ2i^+j^+k^\vec{a} = - {\lambda ^2}\widehat i + \widehat j + \widehat ka=−λ2i+j​+k b⃗=i^−λ2j^+k^\vec{b} = \widehat i - {\lambda ^2}\widehat j + \widehat kb=i−λ2j​+k c⃗=i^+j^−λ2k^\vec{c} = \widehat i + \widehat j - {\lambda ^2}\widehat kc=i+j​−λ2k

    The condition for these vectors to be coplanar is: ∣−λ2111−λ2111−λ2∣=0\begin{vmatrix} -\lambda^2 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & -\lambda^2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & -\lambda^2 \end{vmatrix} = 0​−λ211​1−λ21​11−λ2​​=0

  2. Evaluating the Determinant: To simplify the determinant, we can perform column operations. Let's apply the operation C1→C1+C2+C3C_1 \to C_1 + C_2 + C_3C1​→C1​+C2​+C3​: ∣−λ2+1+1111−λ2+1−λ211+1−λ21−λ2∣=0\begin{vmatrix} -\lambda^2 + 1 + 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 - \lambda^2 + 1 & -\lambda^2 & 1 \\ 1 + 1 - \lambda^2 & 1 & -\lambda^2 \end{vmatrix} = 0​−λ2+1+11−λ2+11+1−λ2​1−λ21​11−λ2​​=0 ∣2−λ2112−λ2−λ212−λ21−λ2∣=0\begin{vmatrix} 2 - \lambda^2 & 1 & 1 \\ 2 - \lambda^2 & -\lambda^2 & 1 \\ 2 - \lambda^2 & 1 & -\lambda^2 \end{vmatrix} = 0​2−λ22−λ22−λ2​1−λ21​11−λ2​​=0 Now, we can factor out the common term (2−λ2)(2 - \lambda^2)(2−λ2) from the first column: (2−λ2)∣1111−λ2111−λ2∣=0(2 - \lambda^2) \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & -\lambda^2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & -\lambda^2 \end{vmatrix} = 0(2−λ2)​111​1−λ21​11−λ2​​=0 Next, we simplify the remaining determinant using row operations. Let's apply R2→R2−R1R_2 \to R_2 - R_1R2​→R2​−R1​ and R3→R3−R1R_3 \to R_3 - R_1R3​→R3​−R1​: (2−λ2)∣1111−1−λ2−11−11−11−1−λ2−1∣=0(2 - \lambda^2) \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1-1 & -\lambda^2-1 & 1-1 \\ 1-1 & 1-1 & -\lambda^2-1 \end{vmatrix} = 0(2−λ2)​11−11−1​1−λ2−11−1​11−1−λ2−1​​=0 (2−λ2)∣1110−λ2−1000−λ2−1∣=0(2 - \lambda^2) \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 0 & -\lambda^2-1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & -\lambda^2-1 \end{vmatrix} = 0(2−λ2)​100​1−λ2−10​10−λ2−1​​=0 The determinant of an upper or lower triangular matrix is the product of its diagonal elements. So, we expand along the first column: (2−λ2)[1⋅((−λ2−1)(−λ2−1)−0⋅0)]=0(2 - \lambda^2) [1 \cdot ((- \lambda^2 - 1)(- \lambda^2 - 1) - 0 \cdot 0)] = 0(2−λ2)[1⋅((−λ2−1)(−λ2−1)−0⋅0)]=0 (2−λ2)(−λ2−1)2=0(2 - \lambda^2) (-\lambda^2 - 1)^2 = 0(2−λ2)(−λ2−1)2=0 (2−λ2)(−1)2(λ2+1)2=0(2 - \lambda^2) (-1)^2 (\lambda^2 + 1)^2 = 0(2−λ2)(−1)2(λ2+1)2=0 (2−λ2)(λ2+1)2=0(2 - \lambda^2) (\lambda^2 + 1)^2 = 0(2−λ2)(λ2+1)2=0

  3. Solving for λ\lambdaλ: The equation gives two possibilities:

    Case 1: 2−λ2=02 - \lambda^2 = 02−λ2=0 λ2=2\lambda^2 = 2λ2=2 This gives two distinct real values for λ\lambdaλ: λ=2\lambda = \sqrt{2}λ=2​ and λ=−2\lambda = -\sqrt{2}λ=−2​.

    Case 2: (λ2+1)2=0(\lambda^2 + 1)^2 = 0(λ2+1)2=0 λ2+1=0\lambda^2 + 1 = 0λ2+1=0 λ2=−1\lambda^2 = -1λ2=−1 This equation has no real solutions for λ\lambdaλ, as the square of a real number cannot be negative. The solutions are λ=±i\lambda = \pm iλ=±i, which are complex.

  4. Counting the Distinct Real Values: The question asks for the number of distinct real values of λ\lambdaλ. From our analysis, the only real values are 2\sqrt{2}2​ and −2-\sqrt{2}−2​. Therefore, there are two distinct real values of λ\lambdaλ.

  5. Conclusion: The number of distinct real values of λ\lambdaλ for which the given vectors are coplanar is 2. This corresponds to option C.

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