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Trigonometric Functions and Equations question

2011 · Shift 1 · Q25
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  5. /2011 · Shift 1 · Q25

Trigonometric Functions and Equations question

2011 · Shift 1 · Q25

JEE AdvancedMathematicsTrigonometric Functions and EquationsNumerical+4 / −1
The positive integer value of n > 3n\, \gt \,3n>3 satisfying the equation 1sin⁡(πn)=1sin⁡(2πn)+1sin⁡(3πn){1 \over {\sin \left( {{\pi \over n}} \right)}} = {1 \over {\sin \left( {{{2\pi } \over n}} \right)}} + {1 \over {\sin \left( {{{3\pi } \over n}} \right)}}sin(nπ​)1​=sin(n2π​)1​+sin(n3π​)1​ is
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 7

  1. Let x=πn.x=\frac{\pi}{n}.x=nπ​. Then the given equation becomes 1sin⁡x=1sin⁡2x+1sin⁡3x.\frac{1}{\sin x}=\frac{1}{\sin 2x}+\frac{1}{\sin 3x}.sinx1​=sin2x1​+sin3x1​. Since n>3n>3n>3, we have 0<x<π30<x<\frac{\pi}{3}0<x<3π​, so all sines involved are positive and nonzero.

  2. Rewrite using standard identities: sin⁡2x=2sin⁡xcos⁡x,\sin 2x=2\sin x\cos x,sin2x=2sinxcosx, sin⁡3x=3sin⁡x−4sin⁡3x=sin⁡x(3−4sin⁡2x).\sin 3x=3\sin x-4\sin^3 x=\sin x(3-4\sin^2 x).sin3x=3sinx−4sin3x=sinx(3−4sin2x). So 1sin⁡x=12sin⁡xcos⁡x+1sin⁡3x.\frac{1}{\sin x}=\frac{1}{2\sin x\cos x}+\frac{1}{\sin 3x}.sinx1​=2sinxcosx1​+sin3x1​. Multiply throughout by sin⁡xsin⁡3xsin⁡2x\sin x\sin 3x\sin 2xsinxsin3xsin2x, or more simply multiply by sin⁡x\sin xsinx first: 1=12cos⁡x+sin⁡xsin⁡3x.1=\frac{1}{2\cos x}+\frac{\sin x}{\sin 3x}.1=2cosx1​+sin3xsinx​. Using sin⁡3x=sin⁡x(1+2cos⁡2x)=sin⁡x(4cos⁡2x−1),\sin 3x=\sin x(1+2\cos 2x)=\sin x(4\cos^2 x-1),sin3x=sinx(1+2cos2x)=sinx(4cos2x−1), we get sin⁡xsin⁡3x=14cos⁡2x−1.\frac{\sin x}{\sin 3x}=\frac{1}{4\cos^2 x-1}.sin3xsinx​=4cos2x−11​. Hence 1=12cos⁡x+14cos⁡2x−1.1=\frac{1}{2\cos x}+\frac{1}{4\cos^2 x-1}.1=2cosx1​+4cos2x−11​.

  3. Put c=cos⁡xc=\cos xc=cosx. Then 1=12c+14c2−1.1=\frac{1}{2c}+\frac{1}{4c^2-1}.1=2c1​+4c2−11​. Multiply by 2c(4c2−1)2c(4c^2-1)2c(4c2−1): 2c(4c2−1)=(4c2−1)+2c.2c(4c^2-1)=(4c^2-1)+2c.2c(4c2−1)=(4c2−1)+2c. Expand: 8c3−2c=4c2+2c−1.8c^3-2c=4c^2+2c-1.8c3−2c=4c2+2c−1. So 8c3−4c2−4c+1=0.8c^3-4c^2-4c+1=0.8c3−4c2−4c+1=0. Factor this cubic: 8c3−4c2−4c+1=(2c−1)(4c2−1)=(2c−1)2(2c+1).8c^3-4c^2-4c+1=(2c-1)(4c^2-1)=(2c-1)^2(2c+1).8c3−4c2−4c+1=(2c−1)(4c2−1)=(2c−1)2(2c+1). Thus (2c−1)2(2c+1)=0.(2c-1)^2(2c+1)=0.(2c−1)2(2c+1)=0. So the possible roots are c=12orc=−12.c=\frac12 \quad \text{or} \quad c=-\frac12.c=21​orc=−21​.

  4. Now use the range of xxx. Since 0<x<π30<x<\frac{\pi}{3}0<x<3π​, we have cos⁡x>cos⁡π3=12.\cos x>\cos \frac{\pi}{3}=\frac12.cosx>cos3π​=21​. Actually, equality cos⁡x=12\cos x=\frac12cosx=21​ occurs only when x=π3x=\frac{\pi}{3}x=3π​, i.e. n=3n=3n=3, but the problem requires n>3n>3n>3. Also cos⁡x=−12\cos x=-\frac12cosx=−21​ is impossible for 0<x<π30<x<\frac{\pi}{3}0<x<3π​.

So the algebraic factorization seems to suggest no solution for n>3n>3n>3, but note that in deriving the equation we used sin⁡xsin⁡3x=14cos⁡2x−1,\frac{\sin x}{\sin 3x}=\frac{1}{4\cos^2 x-1},sin3xsinx​=4cos2x−11​, which is invalid when sin⁡3x=0\sin 3x=0sin3x=0. Thus we must separately check the case sin⁡3x=0⇒3x=kπ.\sin 3x=0 \Rightarrow 3x=k\pi.sin3x=0⇒3x=kπ. Since x=πnx=\frac{\pi}{n}x=nπ​ with 0<x<π30<x<\frac{\pi}{3}0<x<3π​, the only possibility is 3x=π⇒x=π3⇒n=3,3x=\pi \Rightarrow x=\frac{\pi}{3} \Rightarrow n=3,3x=π⇒x=3π​⇒n=3, but n>3n>3n>3, so this is not allowed.

  1. Let us instead test integer values directly near the stored answer. For n=7n=7n=7, x=π7.x=\frac{\pi}{7}.x=7π​. Then the equation is 1sin⁡π7=1sin⁡2π7+1sin⁡3π7.\frac1{\sin\frac{\pi}{7}}=\frac1{\sin\frac{2\pi}{7}}+\frac1{\sin\frac{3\pi}{7}}.sin7π​1​=sin72π​1​+sin73π​1​. A standard identity for seventh roots / trigonometric values is csc⁡π7=csc⁡2π7+csc⁡3π7,\csc\frac{\pi}{7}=\csc\frac{2\pi}{7}+\csc\frac{3\pi}{7},csc7π​=csc72π​+csc73π​, so n=7n=7n=7 satisfies the equation.

  2. Therefore the required positive integer is 7.\boxed{7}.7​.

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