Let
A=sin3θ,B=cos3θ.
Then the given system becomes
- (y+z)B=(xyz)A
- xA=y2B+z2A
- (xyz)A=(y+2z)B+yA
We are asked for the number of values of θ with 0<θ<π for which this system has a solution (x0,y0,z0) with y0z0=0.
1. Compare equations (1) and (3)
From (1) and (3), since both are equal to (xyz)A, we get
(y+z)B=(y+2z)B+yA.
So
yB+zB=yB+2zB+yA
zB=2zB+yA
yA+zB=0.
Hence
ysin3θ+zcos3θ=0.
So
yA=−zB.
Since y,z=0, this relation is important.
2. Use this in equation (1)
Equation (1) is
(y+z)B=xyzA.
Using yA=−zB, if A=0, then
y=−AzB.
Substitute into (1):
(−AzB+z)B=(x⋅−AzB⋅z)A.
Simplify:
z(1−AB)B=−xz2B.
This is messy, so instead we proceed more cleanly by solving via ratio.
From
yA=−zB,
we get
y=−ABz(A=0).
Then
y+z=z(1−AB)=zAA−B.
Substitute into (1):
zAA−BB=xyzA.
Now
yz=−ABz2,
so RHS is
x(−ABz2)A=−xBz2.
Thus
zA(A−B)B=−xBz2.
If B=0 and z=0,
so
xz=AB−A.
3. Use equation (2)
Equation (2):
xA=y2B+z2A.
Using y=−ABz,
y2B=−(B/A)z2B=−z2A.
Hence
y2B+z2A=−z2A+z2A=0.
Therefore
xA=0.
So either
- A=0, or
- x=0.
If A=0, then x=0. But from above,
xz=AB−A.
Since z=0, this gives
0=AB−A⟹B=A.
Thus for A=0, a necessary condition is
sin3θ=cos3θ.
So
tan3θ=1.
4. Check special cases A=0 or B=0
We must separately examine them because we divided by A and B.
Case 1: A=0
Then sin3θ=0.
Equations become:
- (y+z)B=0
- 0=y2B
- 0=(y+2z)B
Since y=0, equation (2) implies
B=0.
But A=0 and B=0 cannot happen simultaneously. So no solution.
Case 2: B=0
Then cos3θ=0.
Equations become:
- 0=xyzA
- xA=z2A
- xyzA=yA
Since B=0, we have A=±1=0. Then from (1),
xyz=0.
Because y,z=0, this gives x=0.
But then from (2),
0=z2A,
impossible since A=0 and z=0. So no solution.
Hence only the condition
A=B
can work.
5. Solve sin3θ=cos3θ
This gives
tan3θ=1
3θ=4π+nπ.
Therefore
θ=12π+3nπ.
Now use 0<θ<π:
0<12π+3nπ<π.
Multiplying by 12/π,
0<1+4n<12.
So
−1<4n<11.
Thus integer values are
n=0,1,2.
Hence the possible values are
θ=12π, 125π, 43π.
So the number of possible values is 3.
6. Verify existence of a solution for these values
When A=B=0, equation yA+zB=0 becomes
y+z=0⟹y=−z.
Then equation (1):
(y+z)B=xyzA⟹0=xyzA.
Since A=0 and y,z=0, we get
x=0.
Equation (2):
0=y2B+z2A=2A(y1+z1).
With y=−z, this holds.
Equation (3):
0=(y+2z)B+yA=(2y+2z)A=2A(y+z)=0.
So solutions indeed exist, e.g.
(x,y,z)=(0,1,−1).
Thus all such θ are valid.
Final answer
The number of possible values of θ is
3.