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Trigonometric Functions and Equations question

2010 · Shift 1 · Q30
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  5. /2010 · Shift 1 · Q30

Trigonometric Functions and Equations question

2010 · Shift 1 · Q30

JEE AdvancedMathematicsTrigonometric Functions and EquationsNumerical+4 / −1
The number of all possible values of θ\thetaθ where 0<θ<π,0 \lt \theta \lt \pi ,0<θ<π, for which the system of equations (y+z)cos⁡ 3θ=(xyz) sin⁡3θxsin⁡3θ=2cos⁡3θy+2sin⁡3θz(xyz) sin⁡3θ=(y+2z) cos⁡3θ+y sin3θ\left( {y + z} \right)\cos {\mkern 1mu} 3\theta = \left( {xyz} \right){\mkern 1mu} \sin 3\theta x\sin 3\theta = {{2\cos 3\theta } \over y} + {{2\sin 3\theta } \over z}\left( {xyz} \right){\mkern 1mu} \sin 3\theta = \left( {y + 2z} \right){\mkern 1mu} \cos 3\theta + y{\mkern 1mu} sin3\theta(y+z)cos3θ=(xyz)sin3θxsin3θ=y2cos3θ​+z2sin3θ​(xyz)sin3θ=(y+2z)cos3θ+ysin3θ have a solution (x0,y0,z0)\left( {{x_0},{y_0},{z_0}} \right)(x0​,y0​,z0​) with y0z0 e 0,{y_0}{z_0}{\mkern 1mu} e {\mkern 1mu} 0,y0​z0​e0, is
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 3

Let A=sin⁡3θ,B=cos⁡3θ.A=\sin 3\theta,\qquad B=\cos 3\theta.A=sin3θ,B=cos3θ. Then the given system becomes

  1. (y+z)B=(xyz)A(y+z)B=(xyz)A(y+z)B=(xyz)A
  2. xA=2By+2AzxA=\frac{2B}{y}+\frac{2A}{z}xA=y2B​+z2A​
  3. (xyz)A=(y+2z)B+yA(xyz)A=(y+2z)B+yA(xyz)A=(y+2z)B+yA

We are asked for the number of values of θ\thetaθ with 0<θ<π0<\theta<\pi0<θ<π for which this system has a solution (x0,y0,z0)(x_0,y_0,z_0)(x0​,y0​,z0​) with y0z0≠0y_0z_0\neq 0y0​z0​=0.


1. Compare equations (1) and (3)

From (1) and (3), since both are equal to (xyz)A(xyz)A(xyz)A, we get (y+z)B=(y+2z)B+yA.(y+z)B=(y+2z)B+yA.(y+z)B=(y+2z)B+yA. So yB+zB=yB+2zB+yAyB+zB=yB+2zB+yAyB+zB=yB+2zB+yA zB=2zB+yAzB=2zB+yAzB=2zB+yA yA+zB=0.yA+zB=0.yA+zB=0. Hence ysin⁡3θ+zcos⁡3θ=0.y\sin 3\theta+z\cos 3\theta=0.ysin3θ+zcos3θ=0. So yA=−zB.yA=-zB.yA=−zB. Since y,z≠0y,z\neq 0y,z=0, this relation is important.


2. Use this in equation (1)

Equation (1) is (y+z)B=xyzA.(y+z)B=xyzA.(y+z)B=xyzA. Using yA=−zByA=-zByA=−zB, if A≠0A\neq 0A=0, then y=−zBA.y=-\frac{zB}{A}.y=−AzB​. Substitute into (1): (−zBA+z)B=(x⋅−zBA⋅z)A.\left(-\frac{zB}{A}+z\right)B=\left(x\cdot -\frac{zB}{A}\cdot z\right)A.(−AzB​+z)B=(x⋅−AzB​⋅z)A. Simplify: z(1−BA)B=−xz2B.z\left(1-\frac{B}{A}\right)B=-xz^2B.z(1−AB​)B=−xz2B. This is messy, so instead we proceed more cleanly by solving via ratio.

From yA=−zB,yA=-zB,yA=−zB, we get y=−BAz(A≠0).y=-\frac{B}{A}z \qquad (A\neq 0).y=−AB​z(A=0). Then y+z=z(1−BA)=zA−BA.y+z=z\left(1-\frac{B}{A}\right)=z\frac{A-B}{A}.y+z=z(1−AB​)=zAA−B​. Substitute into (1): zA−BAB=xyzA.z\frac{A-B}{A}B=xyzA.zAA−B​B=xyzA. Now yz=−BAz2,yz=-\frac{B}{A}z^2,yz=−AB​z2, so RHS is x(−BAz2)A=−xBz2.x\left(-\frac{B}{A}z^2\right)A=-xBz^2.x(−AB​z2)A=−xBz2. Thus z(A−B)BA=−xBz2.z\frac{(A-B)B}{A}=-xBz^2.zA(A−B)B​=−xBz2. If B≠0B\neq 0B=0 and z≠0z\neq 0z=0,

so xz=B−AA.xz=\frac{B-A}{A}.xz=AB−A​.


3. Use equation (2)

Equation (2): xA=2By+2Az.xA=\frac{2B}{y}+\frac{2A}{z}.xA=y2B​+z2A​. Using y=−BAzy=-\frac{B}{A}zy=−AB​z, 2By=2B−(B/A)z=−2Az.\frac{2B}{y}=\frac{2B}{-(B/A)z}=-\frac{2A}{z}.y2B​=−(B/A)z2B​=−z2A​. Hence 2By+2Az=−2Az+2Az=0.\frac{2B}{y}+\frac{2A}{z}= -\frac{2A}{z}+\frac{2A}{z}=0.y2B​+z2A​=−z2A​+z2A​=0. Therefore xA=0.xA=0.xA=0. So either

  1. A=0A=0A=0, or
  2. x=0x=0x=0.

If A≠0A\neq 0A=0, then x=0x=0x=0. But from above, xz=B−AA.xz=\frac{B-A}{A}.xz=AB−A​. Since z≠0z\neq 0z=0, this gives 0=B−AA  ⟹  B=A.0=\frac{B-A}{A} \implies B=A.0=AB−A​⟹B=A. Thus for A≠0A\neq 0A=0, a necessary condition is sin⁡3θ=cos⁡3θ.\sin 3\theta=\cos 3\theta.sin3θ=cos3θ. So tan⁡3θ=1.\tan 3\theta=1.tan3θ=1.


4. Check special cases A=0A=0A=0 or B=0B=0B=0

We must separately examine them because we divided by AAA and BBB.

Case 1: A=0A=0A=0

Then sin⁡3θ=0\sin 3\theta=0sin3θ=0. Equations become:

  1. (y+z)B=0(y+z)B=0(y+z)B=0
  2. 0=2By0=\frac{2B}{y}0=y2B​
  3. 0=(y+2z)B0=(y+2z)B0=(y+2z)B Since y≠0y\neq 0y=0, equation (2) implies B=0.B=0.B=0. But A=0A=0A=0 and B=0B=0B=0 cannot happen simultaneously. So no solution.

Case 2: B=0B=0B=0

Then cos⁡3θ=0\cos 3\theta=0cos3θ=0. Equations become:

  1. 0=xyzA0=xyzA0=xyzA
  2. xA=2AzxA=\frac{2A}{z}xA=z2A​
  3. xyzA=yAxyzA=yAxyzA=yA Since B=0B=0B=0, we have A=±1≠0A=\pm 1\neq 0A=±1=0. Then from (1), xyz=0.xyz=0.xyz=0. Because y,z≠0y,z\neq 0y,z=0, this gives x=0x=0x=0. But then from (2), 0=2Az,0=\frac{2A}{z},0=z2A​, impossible since A≠0A\neq 0A=0 and z≠0z\neq 0z=0. So no solution.

Hence only the condition A=BA=BA=B can work.


5. Solve sin⁡3θ=cos⁡3θ\sin 3\theta=\cos 3\thetasin3θ=cos3θ

This gives tan⁡3θ=1\tan 3\theta=1tan3θ=1 3θ=π4+nπ.3\theta=\frac{\pi}{4}+n\pi.3θ=4π​+nπ. Therefore θ=π12+nπ3.\theta=\frac{\pi}{12}+\frac{n\pi}{3}.θ=12π​+3nπ​. Now use 0<θ<π0<\theta<\pi0<θ<π: 0<π12+nπ3<π.0<\frac{\pi}{12}+\frac{n\pi}{3}<\pi.0<12π​+3nπ​<π. Multiplying by 12/π12/\pi12/π, 0<1+4n<12.0<1+4n<12.0<1+4n<12. So −1<4n<11.-1<4n<11.−1<4n<11. Thus integer values are n=0,1,2.n=0,1,2.n=0,1,2. Hence the possible values are θ=π12, 5π12, 3π4.\theta=\frac{\pi}{12},\ \frac{5\pi}{12},\ \frac{3\pi}{4}.θ=12π​, 125π​, 43π​. So the number of possible values is 333.


6. Verify existence of a solution for these values

When A=B≠0A=B\neq 0A=B=0, equation yA+zB=0yA+zB=0yA+zB=0 becomes y+z=0  ⟹  y=−z.y+z=0 \implies y=-z.y+z=0⟹y=−z. Then equation (1): (y+z)B=xyzA  ⟹  0=xyzA.(y+z)B=xyzA \implies 0=xyzA.(y+z)B=xyzA⟹0=xyzA. Since A≠0A\neq 0A=0 and y,z≠0y,z\neq 0y,z=0, we get x=0.x=0.x=0. Equation (2): 0=2By+2Az=2A(1y+1z).0=\frac{2B}{y}+\frac{2A}{z}=2A\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right).0=y2B​+z2A​=2A(y1​+z1​). With y=−zy=-zy=−z, this holds. Equation (3): 0=(y+2z)B+yA=(2y+2z)A=2A(y+z)=0.0=(y+2z)B+yA=(2y+2z)A=2A(y+z)=0.0=(y+2z)B+yA=(2y+2z)A=2A(y+z)=0. So solutions indeed exist, e.g. (x,y,z)=(0,1,−1).(x,y,z)=(0,1,-1).(x,y,z)=(0,1,−1). Thus all such θ\thetaθ are valid.


Final answer

The number of possible values of θ\thetaθ is 3.\boxed{3}.3​.

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