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Quadratic Equation and Inequalities question

2013 · Shift 2 · Q35
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  5. /2013 · Shift 2 · Q35

Quadratic Equation and Inequalities question

2013 · Shift 2 · Q35

JEE AdvancedMathematicsQuadratic Equation and InequalitiesMultiple correct+4 / −1
If 3x = 4x−1,{3^x}\, = \,{4^{x - 1}},3x=4x−1, then x =x\, =x=
  1. A
    2log⁡3 22log⁡3 2−1{{2{{\log }_3}\,2} \over {2{{\log }_3}\,2 - 1}}2log3​2−12log3​2​
  2. B
    22−log⁡2 3{2 \over {2 - {{\log }_2}\,3}}2−log2​32​
  3. C
    11−log⁡4 3{1 \over {1 - {{\log }_4}\,3}}1−log4​31​
  4. D
    2log⁡2 32log⁡2 3−1{{2{{\log }_2}\,3} \over {2{{\log }_2}\,3 - 1}}2log2​3−12log2​3​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A, B, C

The given equation is 3x=4x−1{3^x} = {4^{x - 1}}3x=4x−1. To solve for xxx, we can take the logarithm of both sides. We will check each option by either manipulating a general solution for xxx or by taking a logarithm with a base that is convenient for the option being checked.

Step 1: Solve for xxx in a general form

Let's take the natural logarithm (ln) on both sides of the equation: ln⁡(3x)=ln⁡(4x−1)\ln({3^x}) = \ln({4^{x - 1}})ln(3x)=ln(4x−1) Using the logarithm property log⁡(ab)=blog⁡(a)\log(a^b) = b \log(a)log(ab)=blog(a): xln⁡(3)=(x−1)ln⁡(4)x \ln(3) = (x - 1) \ln(4)xln(3)=(x−1)ln(4) Since ln⁡(4)=ln⁡(22)=2ln⁡(2)\ln(4) = \ln(2^2) = 2 \ln(2)ln(4)=ln(22)=2ln(2): xln⁡(3)=(x−1)(2ln⁡(2))x \ln(3) = (x - 1) (2 \ln(2))xln(3)=(x−1)(2ln(2)) xln⁡(3)=2xln⁡(2)−2ln⁡(2)x \ln(3) = 2x \ln(2) - 2 \ln(2)xln(3)=2xln(2)−2ln(2) Rearrange the terms to solve for xxx: 2ln⁡(2)=2xln⁡(2)−xln⁡(3)2 \ln(2) = 2x \ln(2) - x \ln(3)2ln(2)=2xln(2)−xln(3) 2ln⁡(2)=x(2ln⁡(2)−ln⁡(3))2 \ln(2) = x (2 \ln(2) - \ln(3))2ln(2)=x(2ln(2)−ln(3)) x=2ln⁡(2)2ln⁡(2)−ln⁡(3)x = {{2 \ln(2)} \over {2 \ln(2) - \ln(3)}}x=2ln(2)−ln(3)2ln(2)​ This is a general expression for xxx. We will now check if the given options are equivalent to this expression.

Step 2: Evaluate each option

Option A: 2log⁡3 22log⁡3 2−1{{2{{\log }_3}\,2} \over {2{{\log }_3}\,2 - 1}}2log3​2−12log3​2​

We can solve the original equation by taking the logarithm to the base 3: log⁡3(3x)=log⁡3(4x−1)\log_3(3^x) = \log_3(4^{x-1})log3​(3x)=log3​(4x−1) x=(x−1)log⁡3(4)x = (x-1) \log_3(4)x=(x−1)log3​(4) x=(x−1)log⁡3(22)=(x−1)⋅2log⁡3(2)x = (x-1) \log_3(2^2) = (x-1) \cdot 2 \log_3(2)x=(x−1)log3​(22)=(x−1)⋅2log3​(2) x=2xlog⁡3(2)−2log⁡3(2)x = 2x \log_3(2) - 2 \log_3(2)x=2xlog3​(2)−2log3​(2) 2log⁡3(2)=2xlog⁡3(2)−x2 \log_3(2) = 2x \log_3(2) - x2log3​(2)=2xlog3​(2)−x 2log⁡3(2)=x(2log⁡3(2)−1)2 \log_3(2) = x(2 \log_3(2) - 1)2log3​(2)=x(2log3​(2)−1) x=2log⁡3 22log⁡3 2−1x = {{2{{\log }_3}\,2} \over {2{{\log }_3}\,2 - 1}}x=2log3​2−12log3​2​ Thus, option A is correct.

Option B: 22−log⁡2 3{2 \over {2 - {{\log }_2}\,3}}2−log2​32​

Let's solve the original equation by taking the logarithm to the base 2: log⁡2(3x)=log⁡2(4x−1)\log_2(3^x) = \log_2(4^{x-1})log2​(3x)=log2​(4x−1) xlog⁡2(3)=(x−1)log⁡2(4)x \log_2(3) = (x-1) \log_2(4)xlog2​(3)=(x−1)log2​(4) Since log⁡2(4)=log⁡2(22)=2\log_2(4) = \log_2(2^2) = 2log2​(4)=log2​(22)=2: xlog⁡2(3)=(x−1)⋅2x \log_2(3) = (x-1) \cdot 2xlog2​(3)=(x−1)⋅2 xlog⁡2(3)=2x−2x \log_2(3) = 2x - 2xlog2​(3)=2x−2 2=2x−xlog⁡2(3)2 = 2x - x \log_2(3)2=2x−xlog2​(3) 2=x(2−log⁡2(3))2 = x(2 - \log_2(3))2=x(2−log2​(3)) x=22−log⁡2 3x = {2 \over {2 - {{\log }_2}\,3}}x=2−log2​32​ Thus, option B is correct.

Option C: 11−log⁡4 3{1 \over {1 - {{\log }_4}\,3}}1−log4​31​

Let's solve the original equation by taking the logarithm to the base 4: log⁡4(3x)=log⁡4(4x−1)\log_4(3^x) = \log_4(4^{x-1})log4​(3x)=log4​(4x−1) xlog⁡4(3)=(x−1)log⁡4(4)x \log_4(3) = (x-1) \log_4(4)xlog4​(3)=(x−1)log4​(4) Since log⁡4(4)=1\log_4(4) = 1log4​(4)=1: xlog⁡4(3)=x−1x \log_4(3) = x - 1xlog4​(3)=x−1 1=x−xlog⁡4(3)1 = x - x \log_4(3)1=x−xlog4​(3) 1=x(1−log⁡4(3))1 = x(1 - \log_4(3))1=x(1−log4​(3)) x=11−log⁡4 3x = {1 \over {1 - {{\log }_4}\,3}}x=1−log4​31​ Thus, option C is correct.

Option D: 2log⁡2 32log⁡2 3−1{{2{{\log }_2}\,3} \over {2{{\log }_2}\,3 - 1}}2log2​3−12log2​3​

From our derivation for option B, we found that x=22−log⁡2 3x = {2 \over {2 - {{\log }_2}\,3}}x=2−log2​32​. Let's check if this is equal to the expression in option D. Let y=log⁡2(3)y = \log_2(3)y=log2​(3). We are checking if 22−y=2y2y−1{2 \over {2 - y}} = {{2y} \over {2y - 1}}2−y2​=2y−12y​. Cross-multiplying gives: 2(2y−1)=2y(2−y)2(2y - 1) = 2y(2 - y)2(2y−1)=2y(2−y) 4y−2=4y−2y24y - 2 = 4y - 2y^24y−2=4y−2y2 −2=−2y2-2 = -2y^2−2=−2y2 y2=1  ⟹  y=±1y^2 = 1 \implies y = \pm 1y2=1⟹y=±1 This would mean log⁡2(3)=1\log_2(3) = 1log2​(3)=1 or log⁡2(3)=−1\log_2(3) = -1log2​(3)=−1. Neither of these is true, since 21=2≠32^1 = 2 \neq 321=2=3 and 2−1=1/2≠32^{-1} = 1/2 \neq 32−1=1/2=3. Therefore, the expression in option D is not a correct value for xxx.

Conclusion

The correct expressions for xxx are given in options A, B, and C.

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