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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2017 · Shift 1 · Q28
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  5. /2017 · Shift 1 · Q28

Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2017 · Shift 1 · Q28

JEE AdvancedMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityNumerical+3 / −1
Let f : R →\to→ R be a differentiable function such that f(0) = 0, f(π2)=3f\left( {{\pi \over 2}} \right) = 3f(2π​)=3 and f'(0) = 1. If g(x)=∫xπ/2[f′(t)cosec t−cot⁡t cosec t f(t)]dtg(x) = \int\limits_x^{\pi /2} {[f'(t)\text{cosec}\,t - \cot t\,\text{cosec}\,t\,f(t)]dt}g(x)=x∫π/2​[f′(t)cosect−cottcosectf(t)]dt for x∈(0, π2]x \in \left( {0,\,{\pi \over 2}} \right]x∈(0,2π​], then lim⁡x→0g(x)\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} g(x)x→0lim​g(x) =
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 2

Step-by-step Solution:

  1. Analyze the integrand in g(x): The given function is: g(x)=∫xπ/2[f′(t)cosec t−cot⁡t cosec t f(t)]dtg(x) = \int\limits_x^{\pi /2} [f'(t)\text{cosec}\,t - \cot t\,\text{cosec}\,t\,f(t)]dtg(x)=x∫π/2​[f′(t)cosect−cottcosectf(t)]dt The integrand is f'(t)cosec(t) - cot(t)cosec(t)f(t). Let's see if this is the derivative of a known function, particularly a product involving f(t). Consider the derivative of the product f(t)cosec tf(t) \text{cosec}\,tf(t)cosect with respect to t using the product rule (uv)' = u'v + uv'. Let u = f(t) and v=cosec tv = \text{cosec}\,tv=cosect. Then u' = f'(t) and v′=−cosec tcot⁡tv' = -\text{cosec}\,t \cot tv′=−cosectcott. ddt(f(t)cosec t)=f′(t)cosec t+f(t)(−cosec tcot⁡t){d \over {dt}}(f(t)\text{cosec}\,t) = f'(t) \text{cosec}\,t + f(t)( - \text{cosec}\,t \cot t)dtd​(f(t)cosect)=f′(t)cosect+f(t)(−cosectcott) ddt(f(t)cosec t)=f′(t)cosec t−cot⁡t cosec t f(t){d \over {dt}}(f(t)\text{cosec}\,t) = f'(t)\text{cosec}\,t - \cot t\,\text{cosec}\,t\,f(t)dtd​(f(t)cosect)=f′(t)cosect−cottcosectf(t) This exactly matches the integrand.

  2. Evaluate the integral: Since the integrand is the derivative of f(t) cosec(t), we can use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Part 2, which states \int_a^b F'(t) dt = F(b) - F(a)$. g(x) = \int\limits_x^{\pi /2} {d \over {dt}}(f(t)\text{cosec},t)dt g(x) = \left[ {f(t)\text{cosec},t} \right]_x^{\pi /2} g(x) = f\left( {{\pi \over 2}} \right)\text{cosec}\left( {{\pi \over 2}} \right) - f(x)\text{cosec},x$$

  3. Substitute the given values: We are given f(π/2) = 3. We also know that cosec(π/2) = 1/sin(π/2) = 1/1 = 1. Substituting these values into the expression for g(x): g(x)=(3)(1)−f(x)1sin⁡xg(x) = (3)(1) - f(x) {1 \over {\sin x}}g(x)=(3)(1)−f(x)sinx1​ g(x)=3−f(x)sin⁡xg(x) = 3 - {{f(x)} \over {\sin x}}g(x)=3−sinxf(x)​

  4. Calculate the limit: We need to find lim⁡x→0g(x)\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} g(x)x→0lim​g(x). lim⁡x→0g(x)=lim⁡x→0(3−f(x)sin⁡x){\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} g(x)} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} \left( {3 - {{f(x)} \over {\sin x}}} \right)x→0lim​g(x)=x→0lim​(3−sinxf(x)​) lim⁡x→0g(x)=3−lim⁡x→0f(x)sin⁡x{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} g(x)} = 3 - \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} {{f(x)} \over {\sin x}}x→0lim​g(x)=3−x→0lim​sinxf(x)​ Let's evaluate the limit lim⁡x→0f(x)sin⁡x\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} {{f(x)} \over {\sin x}}x→0lim​sinxf(x)​. We are given that f(0) = 0. Also, sin(0) = 0. Since f$ is differentiable, it is also continuous, so $\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} f(x) = f(0) = 0$. This limit is of the indeterminate form $0/0.

  5. Apply L'Hôpital's Rule: Since we have a 0/0 indeterminate form, we can apply L'Hôpital's Rule. lim⁡x→0f(x)sin⁡x=lim⁡x→0f′(x)cos⁡x{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} {{f(x)} \over {\sin x}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} {{f'(x)} \over {\cos x}}x→0lim​sinxf(x)​=x→0lim​cosxf′(x)​ Now, we can substitute x = 0. We are given f'(0) = 1 and we know cos(0) = 1. lim⁡x→0f′(x)cos⁡x=f′(0)cos⁡0=11=1{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} {{f'(x)} \over {\cos x}}} = {{f'(0)} \over {\cos 0}} = {1 \over 1} = 1x→0lim​cosxf′(x)​=cos0f′(0)​=11​=1 Alternatively, using the definition of the derivative: lim⁡x→0f(x)sin⁡x=lim⁡x→0f(x)/xsin⁡x/x=lim⁡x→0f(x)−f(0)x−0lim⁡x→0sin⁡xx=f′(0)1=11=1{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} {{f(x)} \over {\sin x}}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} {{f(x)/x} \over {\sin x / x}} = {{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} {{f(x) - f(0)} \over {x-0}}} \over {\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} {{\sin x} \over x}}} = {{f'(0)} \over 1} = {1 \over 1} = 1x→0lim​sinxf(x)​=x→0lim​sinx/xf(x)/x​=x→0lim​xsinx​x→0lim​x−0f(x)−f(0)​​=1f′(0)​=11​=1

  6. Find the final answer: Substitute the value of the limit back into the expression for lim⁡x→0g(x)\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} g(x)x→0lim​g(x). lim⁡x→0g(x)=3−1=2{\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 0} g(x)} = 3 - 1 = 2x→0lim​g(x)=3−1=2 Therefore, the value of the limit is 2.

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