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Definite Integration question

2019 · Shift 2 · Q31
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  5. /2019 · Shift 2 · Q31

Definite Integration question

2019 · Shift 2 · Q31

JEE AdvancedMathematicsDefinite IntegrationNumerical+3 / −1
The value of the integral ∫0π/23cos⁡θ(cos⁡θ+sin⁡θ)5dθ\int\limits_0^{\pi /2} {{{3\sqrt {\cos \theta } } \over {{{(\sqrt {\cos \theta } + \sqrt {\sin \theta } )}^5}}}} d\theta0∫π/2​(cosθ​+sinθ​)53cosθ​​dθ equals ..............
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 0.5

Step-by-step Solution:

  1. Define the Integral and Apply King's Rule

    Let the given integral be denoted by III. I=∫0π/23cos⁡θ(cos⁡θ+sin⁡θ)5dθ...(1)I = \int\limits_0^{\pi /2} {{{3\sqrt {\cos \theta } } \over {{{(\sqrt {\cos \theta } + \sqrt {\sin \theta } )}^5}}}} d\theta \quad \quad ...(1)I=0∫π/2​(cosθ​+sinθ​)53cosθ​​dθ...(1) We use the property of definite integrals, often called King's Rule: ∫0af(x)dx=∫0af(a−x)dx\int_0^a f(x) dx = \int_0^a f(a-x) dx∫0a​f(x)dx=∫0a​f(a−x)dx. Here, a=π/2a = \pi/2a=π/2. Applying this property to III: I=∫0π/23cos⁡(π/2−θ)(cos⁡(π/2−θ)+sin⁡(π/2−θ))5dθI = \int\limits_0^{\pi /2} {{{3\sqrt {\cos (\pi/2 - \theta) } } \over {{{(\sqrt {\cos (\pi/2 - \theta) } + \sqrt {\sin (\pi/2 - \theta) } )}^5}}}} d\thetaI=0∫π/2​(cos(π/2−θ)​+sin(π/2−θ)​)53cos(π/2−θ)​​dθ Using the identities cos⁡(π/2−θ)=sin⁡θ\cos(\pi/2 - \theta) = \sin \thetacos(π/2−θ)=sinθ and sin⁡(π/2−θ)=cos⁡θ\sin(\pi/2 - \theta) = \cos \thetasin(π/2−θ)=cosθ, we get: I=∫0π/23sin⁡θ(sin⁡θ+cos⁡θ)5dθ...(2)I = \int\limits_0^{\pi /2} {{{3\sqrt {\sin \theta } } \over {{{(\sqrt {\sin \theta } + \sqrt {\cos \theta } )}^5}}}} d\theta \quad \quad ...(2)I=0∫π/2​(sinθ​+cosθ​)53sinθ​​dθ...(2)

  2. Combine the two expressions for the Integral

    Adding equation (1) and (2), we get: 2I=∫0π/23cos⁡θ(cos⁡θ+sin⁡θ)5dθ+∫0π/23sin⁡θ(sin⁡θ+cos⁡θ)5dθ2I = \int\limits_0^{\pi /2} {{{3\sqrt {\cos \theta } } \over {{{(\sqrt {\cos \theta } + \sqrt {\sin \theta } )}^5}}}} d\theta + \int\limits_0^{\pi /2} {{{3\sqrt {\sin \theta } } \over {{{(\sqrt {\sin \theta } + \sqrt {\cos \theta } )}^5}}}} d\theta2I=0∫π/2​(cosθ​+sinθ​)53cosθ​​dθ+0∫π/2​(sinθ​+cosθ​)53sinθ​​dθ 2I=∫0π/23(cos⁡θ+sin⁡θ)(cos⁡θ+sin⁡θ)5dθ2I = \int\limits_0^{\pi /2} {{{3(\sqrt {\cos \theta } + \sqrt {\sin \theta }) } \over {{{(\sqrt {\cos \theta } + \sqrt {\sin \theta } )}^5}}}} d\theta2I=0∫π/2​(cosθ​+sinθ​)53(cosθ​+sinθ​)​dθ This simplifies to: 2I=∫0π/23(cos⁡θ+sin⁡θ)4dθ2I = \int\limits_0^{\pi /2} {{{3 } \over {{{(\sqrt {\cos \theta } + \sqrt {\sin \theta } )}^4}}}} d\theta2I=0∫π/2​(cosθ​+sinθ​)43​dθ

  3. Simplify the Integrand for Substitution

    To simplify the integrand, we can factor out cos⁡θ\sqrt{\cos \theta}cosθ​ from the denominator: (cos⁡θ+sin⁡θ)4=[cos⁡θ(1+sin⁡θcos⁡θ)]4=(cos⁡θ)4(1+tan⁡θ)4=cos⁡2θ(1+tan⁡θ)4(\sqrt {\cos \theta } + \sqrt {\sin \theta } )^4 = \left[ \sqrt{\cos\theta} \left(1 + \sqrt{\frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}}\right) \right]^4 = (\sqrt{\cos\theta})^4 (1 + \sqrt{\tan\theta})^4 = \cos^2\theta (1 + \sqrt{\tan\theta})^4(cosθ​+sinθ​)4=[cosθ​(1+cosθsinθ​​)]4=(cosθ​)4(1+tanθ​)4=cos2θ(1+tanθ​)4 Substituting this back into the expression for 2I2I2I: 2I=∫0π/23cos⁡2θ(1+tan⁡θ)4dθ=∫0π/23sec⁡2θ(1+tan⁡θ)4dθ2I = \int\limits_0^{\pi /2} {{{3 } \over {\cos^2\theta (1 + \sqrt{\tan\theta})^4}}} d\theta = \int\limits_0^{\pi /2} {{{3\sec^2\theta } \over {(1 + \sqrt{\tan\theta})^4}}} d\theta2I=0∫π/2​cos2θ(1+tanθ​)43​dθ=0∫π/2​(1+tanθ​)43sec2θ​dθ

  4. Perform a Substitution

    Let t=tan⁡θt = \tan\thetat=tanθ. Then dt=sec⁡2θ dθdt = \sec^2\theta \, d\thetadt=sec2θdθ. We must also change the limits of integration:

    • When θ=0\theta = 0θ=0, t=tan⁡(0)=0t = \tan(0) = 0t=tan(0)=0.
    • When θ=π/2\theta = \pi/2θ=π/2, t→∞t \to \inftyt→∞. The integral becomes: 2I=∫0∞3(1+t)4dt2I = \int\limits_0^{\infty} {{{3 } \over {(1 + \sqrt{t})^4}}} dt2I=0∫∞​(1+t​)43​dt
  5. Perform a Second Substitution

    Let u=1+tu = 1 + \sqrt{t}u=1+t​. Then t=u−1\sqrt{t} = u - 1t​=u−1, so t=(u−1)2t = (u-1)^2t=(u−1)2. Differentiating with respect to uuu, we get dt=2(u−1)dudt = 2(u-1)dudt=2(u−1)du. The new limits of integration are:

    • When t=0t = 0t=0, u=1+0=1u = 1 + \sqrt{0} = 1u=1+0​=1.
    • When t→∞t \to \inftyt→∞, u→∞u \to \inftyu→∞. Substituting these into the integral for 2I2I2I: 2I=∫1∞3u4⋅2(u−1)du=6∫1∞u−1u4du2I = \int\limits_1^{\infty} {{{3 } \over {u^4}}} \cdot 2(u-1)du = 6 \int\limits_1^{\infty} {{{u-1 } \over {u^4}}} du2I=1∫∞​u43​⋅2(u−1)du=61∫∞​u4u−1​du
  6. Evaluate the Final Integral

    We can now evaluate the integral: 2I=6∫1∞(uu4−1u4)du=6∫1∞(u−3−u−4)du2I = 6 \int\limits_1^{\infty} \left(\frac{u}{u^4} - \frac{1}{u^4}\right) du = 6 \int\limits_1^{\infty} (u^{-3} - u^{-4}) du2I=61∫∞​(u4u​−u41​)du=61∫∞​(u−3−u−4)du 2I=6[u−2−2−u−3−3]1∞=6[−12u2+13u3]1∞2I = 6 \left[ \frac{u^{-2}}{-2} - \frac{u^{-3}}{-3} \right]_1^{\infty} = 6 \left[ -\frac{1}{2u^2} + \frac{1}{3u^3} \right]_1^{\infty}2I=6[−2u−2​−−3u−3​]1∞​=6[−2u21​+3u31​]1∞​ Evaluating at the limits: 2I=6[(lim⁡u→∞(−12u2+13u3))−(−12(1)2+13(1)3)]2I = 6 \left[ \left( \lim_{u\to\infty} \left(-\frac{1}{2u^2} + \frac{1}{3u^3}\right) \right) - \left( -\frac{1}{2(1)^2} + \frac{1}{3(1)^3} \right) \right]2I=6[(limu→∞​(−2u21​+3u31​))−(−2(1)21​+3(1)31​)] 2I=6[(0−0)−(−12+13)]2I = 6 \left[ (0 - 0) - \left( -\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} \right) \right]2I=6[(0−0)−(−21​+31​)] 2I=6[−(−3+26)]=6[−(−16)]=6(16)=12I = 6 \left[ - \left( \frac{-3+2}{6} \right) \right] = 6 \left[ - \left( -\frac{1}{6} \right) \right] = 6 \left( \frac{1}{6} \right) = 12I=6[−(6−3+2​)]=6[−(−61​)]=6(61​)=1

  7. Calculate the value of I

    Since 2I=12I = 12I=1, the value of the integral is: I=12=0.5I = \frac{1}{2} = 0.5I=21​=0.5

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