- Write the sum clearly
Given
I=k=1∑98∫kk+1x(x+1)k+1dx
We evaluate the general term
Ik=∫kk+1x(x+1)k+1dx.
- Use partial fractions
Recall
x(x+1)1=x1−x+11.
So
Ik=(k+1)∫kk+1(x1−x+11)dx.
- Integrate
Thus
Ik=(k+1)[lnx−ln(x+1)]kk+1.
Now evaluate at the limits:
Ik=(k+1)(lnk+2k+1−lnk+1k)
=(k+1)ln(k(k+2)(k+1)2).
Since
(k+1)2=k(k+2)+1,
this becomes
Ik=(k+1)ln(1+k(k+2)1).
That form is not the easiest for summation, so we use another approach.
- Compare the integrand with simpler functions
For x∈[k,k+1], we have
x≤k+1⟹xk+1≥1,
and hence
x(x+1)k+1≥x+11.
Also,
x≥k⟹xk+1≤kk+1,
but a better comparison is:
x≥k⟹xk+1≤kk+1,
not immediately useful. Instead observe
x≤k+1⟹x+1≤k+2,
so comparisons are easier directly:
Because x∈[k,k+1],
k≤x≤k+1.
Thus
xk+1≥1
which gives
x(x+1)k+1≥x+11.
Integrating from k to k+1,
Ik≥∫kk+1x+11dx=lnk+1k+2.
Also, since x≥k,
xk+1≤kk+1,
so
x(x+1)k+1≤kk+1⋅x+11,
which is not ideal. A sharper simple upper bound is obtained from
x+1≥k+1⟹x+11≤k+11,
so
x(x+1)k+1≤x1.
Indeed,
x(x+1)k+1≤x1⟺k+1≤x+1⟺x≥k,
which is true.
Hence
Ik≤∫kk+1x1dx=lnkk+1.
Therefore,
lnk+1k+2≤Ik≤lnkk+1.
- Sum over k=1 to 98
Summing the lower bounds:
I≥k=1∑98lnk+1k+2=lnk=1∏98k+1k+2.
This telescopes:
k=1∏98k+1k+2=23⋅34⋯99100=2100=50.
So
I≥ln50.
Summing the upper bounds:
I≤k=1∑98lnkk+1=lnk=1∏98kk+1=ln99.
In fact the inequality is strict, because on each interval [k,k+1],
x(x+1)k+1<x1
for all x>k (except only at the single point x=k), hence
Ik<∫kk+1x1dx.
Therefore
I<ln99.
So option B is correct and option A is false.
- Check against 5049
From the lower bound,
I≥ln50.
Now
ln50>1>5049.
Hence certainly
I>5049.
So option D is correct and option C is false.
- Final conclusion
Correct options are:
B, D