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Application of Derivatives question

2018 · Shift 1 · Q29
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  5. /2018 · Shift 1 · Q29

Application of Derivatives question

2018 · Shift 1 · Q29

JEE AdvancedMathematicsApplication of DerivativesNumerical+3 / −1
For each positive integer n, let yn=1n(n+1)(n+2)...(n+n)1n{y_n} = {1 \over n}(n + 1)(n + 2)...{(n + n)^{{1 \over n}}}yn​=n1​(n+1)(n+2)...(n+n)n1​. For x ∈\in∈ R, let [x] be the greatest integer less than or equal to x. If lim⁡n→∞yn=L\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } {y_n} = Ln→∞lim​yn​=L, then the value of [L] is ..............
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 1

We are given yn=1n((n+1)(n+2)⋯(2n))1/n.y_n=\frac{1}{n}\left((n+1)(n+2)\cdots(2n)\right)^{1/n}.yn​=n1​((n+1)(n+2)⋯(2n))1/n. We need to find L=lim⁡n→∞yn,L=\lim_{n\to\infty} y_n,L=limn→∞​yn​, and then compute [L][L][L].

1. Rewrite the product

Notice that (n+1)(n+2)⋯(2n)=(2n)!n!.(n+1)(n+2)\cdots(2n)=\frac{(2n)!}{n!}.(n+1)(n+2)⋯(2n)=n!(2n)!​. So, yn=1n((2n)!n!)1/n.y_n=\frac{1}{n}\left(\frac{(2n)!}{n!}\right)^{1/n}.yn​=n1​(n!(2n)!​)1/n.

2. Take logarithms

Let us study ln⁡yn\ln y_nlnyn​: ln⁡yn=−ln⁡n+1n∑k=1nln⁡(n+k).\ln y_n= -\ln n + \frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^n \ln(n+k).lnyn​=−lnn+n1​∑k=1n​ln(n+k). Now write ln⁡(n+k)=ln⁡n+ln⁡(1+kn).\ln(n+k)=\ln n+\ln\left(1+\frac{k}{n}\right).ln(n+k)=lnn+ln(1+nk​). Thus, \begin{align*} \ln y_n &=-\ln n+\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^n \left[\ln n+\ln\left(1+\frac{k}{n}\right)\right] \ &=-\ln n+\frac{1}{n}(n\ln n)+\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^n \ln\left(1+\frac{k}{n}\right) \ &=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^n \ln\left(1+\frac{k}{n}\right). \end{align*}

As n→∞n\to\inftyn→∞, this is a Riemann sum: ln⁡L=∫01ln⁡(1+x) dx.\ln L=\int_0^1 \ln(1+x)\,dx.lnL=∫01​ln(1+x)dx.

3. Evaluate the integral

We compute ∫ln⁡(1+x) dx=(1+x)ln⁡(1+x)−(1+x)+C.\int \ln(1+x)\,dx=(1+x)\ln(1+x)-(1+x)+C.∫ln(1+x)dx=(1+x)ln(1+x)−(1+x)+C. Therefore, \begin{align*} \int_0^1 \ln(1+x),dx &=\left[(1+x)\ln(1+x)-(1+x)\right]_0^1 \ &=(2\ln 2-2)-(0-1) \ &=2\ln 2-1. \end{align*} Hence, ln⁡L=2ln⁡2−1.\ln L=2\ln 2-1.lnL=2ln2−1. So, L=e2ln⁡2−1=4e.L=e^{2\ln 2-1}=\frac{4}{e}.L=e2ln2−1=e4​.

4. Find the greatest integer

Now, 4e≈42.718≈1.47.\frac{4}{e}\approx \frac{4}{2.718}\approx 1.47.e4​≈2.7184​≈1.47. Thus, [L]=[4e]=1.[L]=\left[\frac{4}{e}\right]=1.[L]=[e4​]=1.

5. Compare with stored answer

Our derived answer is 111, which matches the stored correct answer.

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