JEE AdvancedChemistrySolutionsMCQ+3 / −0.75
For a dilute solution containing 2.5 g of a non-volatile non-electrolyte solute in 100 g of water. the elevation in boiling point at 1 atm pressure is 2oC. Assuming concentration of solute is much lower than the concentration of solvent, the vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of the solution is (take Kb = 0.76 K Kg mol-1)
- A724
- B780
- C736
- D718
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Correct answer: A
Step-by-step Solution:
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Identify Given Information:
- Mass of solute () = 2.5 g
- Mass of solvent (water, ) = 100 g = 0.1 kg
- Elevation in boiling point () = 2 °C = 2 K
- Ebullioscopic constant for water () = 0.76 K kg mol⁻¹
- The question concerns the solution at 1 atm pressure. This implies the normal boiling point of pure water is 100 °C, and at this temperature, its vapour pressure () is 1 atm = 760 mm Hg.
- We need to find the vapour pressure of the solution () at 100 °C.
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State Relevant Formulas:
- Elevation in Boiling Point: The relationship between the elevation in boiling point and the molality () of the solution is given by:
- Raoult's Law (Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure): The relative lowering of vapour pressure is equal to the mole fraction of the solute ():
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Use the Dilute Solution Approximation: The problem states to assume the concentration of the solute is much lower than the concentration of the solvent. For such dilute solutions, the mole fraction of the solute can be approximated as: where and are the moles of the solvent and solute, respectively.
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Relate the Two Colligative Properties: We can establish a direct relationship between the elevation in boiling point and the relative lowering of vapour pressure.
- Molality () is defined as:
- The mass of the solvent can be expressed as , where is the molar mass of the solvent in kg/mol. For water, .
- Substituting this into the molality formula:
- From the boiling point elevation formula, we have .
- Substituting this expression for :
- Now, substitute this into the approximated Raoult's Law:
- Using in g/mol, the relationship becomes: . So,
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Calculate the Vapour Pressure of the Solution ():
- Substitute the given values into the derived equation:
- mm Hg
- K
- g/mol
- K kg mol⁻¹
- From this, we can directly see that:
- Solving for :
- Substitute the given values into the derived equation:
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Conclusion: The calculated vapour pressure of the solution is 724 mm of Hg. This matches option A.
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