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Solutions question

2012 · Shift 2 · Q4
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Solutions question

2012 · Shift 2 · Q4

JEE AdvancedChemistrySolutionsMCQ+3 / −0.75
For a dilute solution containing 2.5 g of a non-volatile non-electrolyte solute in 100 g of water. the elevation in boiling point at 1 atm pressure is 2oC. Assuming concentration of solute is much lower than the concentration of solvent, the vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of the solution is (take Kb = 0.76 K Kg mol-1)
  1. A
    724
  2. B
    780
  3. C
    736
  4. D
    718
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

Step-by-step Solution:

  1. Identify Given Information:

    • Mass of solute (w2w_2w2​) = 2.5 g
    • Mass of solvent (water, w1w_1w1​) = 100 g = 0.1 kg
    • Elevation in boiling point (DeltaTb\\Delta T_bDeltaTb​) = 2 °C = 2 K
    • Ebullioscopic constant for water (KbK_bKb​) = 0.76 K kg mol⁻¹
    • The question concerns the solution at 1 atm pressure. This implies the normal boiling point of pure water is 100 °C, and at this temperature, its vapour pressure (PoP^oPo) is 1 atm = 760 mm Hg.
    • We need to find the vapour pressure of the solution (PsP_sPs​) at 100 °C.
  2. State Relevant Formulas:

    • Elevation in Boiling Point: The relationship between the elevation in boiling point and the molality (mmm) of the solution is given by: ΔTb=Kb×m\Delta T_b = K_b \times mΔTb​=Kb​×m
    • Raoult's Law (Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure): The relative lowering of vapour pressure is equal to the mole fraction of the solute (chi2\\chi_2chi2​): Po−PsPo=χ2\frac{P^o - P_s}{P^o} = \chi_2PoPo−Ps​​=χ2​
  3. Use the Dilute Solution Approximation: The problem states to assume the concentration of the solute is much lower than the concentration of the solvent. For such dilute solutions, the mole fraction of the solute can be approximated as: χ2=n2n1+n2≈n2n1\chi_2 = \frac{n_2}{n_1 + n_2} \approx \frac{n_2}{n_1}χ2​=n1​+n2​n2​​≈n1​n2​​ where n1n_1n1​ and n2n_2n2​ are the moles of the solvent and solute, respectively.

  4. Relate the Two Colligative Properties: We can establish a direct relationship between the elevation in boiling point and the relative lowering of vapour pressure.

    • Molality (mmm) is defined as: m=moles of solutemass of solvent in kg=n2w1(kg)m = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{mass of solvent in kg}} = \frac{n_2}{w_1 (\text{kg})}m=mass of solvent in kgmoles of solute​=w1​(kg)n2​​
    • The mass of the solvent can be expressed as w1(kg)=n1×M1(kg)w_1(\text{kg}) = n_1 \times M_1(\text{kg})w1​(kg)=n1​×M1​(kg), where M1M_1M1​ is the molar mass of the solvent in kg/mol. For water, M1=18 g/mol=0.018 kg/molM_1 = 18 \text{ g/mol} = 0.018 \text{ kg/mol}M1​=18 g/mol=0.018 kg/mol.
    • Substituting this into the molality formula: m=n2n1×M1(kg)  ⟹  n2n1=m×M1(kg)m = \frac{n_2}{n_1 \times M_1(\text{kg})} \implies \frac{n_2}{n_1} = m \times M_1(\text{kg})m=n1​×M1​(kg)n2​​⟹n1​n2​​=m×M1​(kg)
    • From the boiling point elevation formula, we have m=ΔTbKbm = \frac{\Delta T_b}{K_b}m=Kb​ΔTb​​.
    • Substituting this expression for mmm: n2n1=ΔTbKb×M1(kg)\frac{n_2}{n_1} = \frac{\Delta T_b}{K_b} \times M_1(\text{kg})n1​n2​​=Kb​ΔTb​​×M1​(kg)
    • Now, substitute this into the approximated Raoult's Law: Po−PsPo≈n2n1=ΔTb×M1(kg)Kb\frac{P^o - P_s}{P^o} \approx \frac{n_2}{n_1} = \frac{\Delta T_b \times M_1(\text{kg})}{K_b}PoPo−Ps​​≈n1​n2​​=Kb​ΔTb​×M1​(kg)​
    • Using M1M_1M1​ in g/mol, the relationship becomes: M1(kg)=M1(g/mol)/1000M_1(\text{kg}) = M_1(\text{g/mol}) / 1000M1​(kg)=M1​(g/mol)/1000. So, Po−PsPo=ΔTb×M1(g/mol)1000×Kb\frac{P^o - P_s}{P^o} = \frac{\Delta T_b \times M_1(\text{g/mol})}{1000 \times K_b}PoPo−Ps​​=1000×Kb​ΔTb​×M1​(g/mol)​
  5. Calculate the Vapour Pressure of the Solution (PsP_sPs​):

    • Substitute the given values into the derived equation:
      • Po=760P^o = 760Po=760 mm Hg
      • ΔTb=2\Delta T_b = 2ΔTb​=2 K
      • M1=18M_1 = 18M1​=18 g/mol
      • Kb=0.76K_b = 0.76Kb​=0.76 K kg mol⁻¹ 760−Ps760=2×181000×0.76\frac{760 - P_s}{760} = \frac{2 \times 18}{1000 \times 0.76}760760−Ps​​=1000×0.762×18​ 760−Ps760=36760\frac{760 - P_s}{760} = \frac{36}{760}760760−Ps​​=76036​
    • From this, we can directly see that: 760−Ps=36760 - P_s = 36760−Ps​=36
    • Solving for PsP_sPs​: Ps=760−36P_s = 760 - 36Ps​=760−36 Ps=724 mm of HgP_s = 724 \text{ mm of Hg}Ps​=724 mm of Hg
  6. Conclusion: The calculated vapour pressure of the solution is 724 mm of Hg. This matches option A.

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