- AS
- BO
- CS
- DSO
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Correct answer: C
The extraction of copper from chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) involves several steps, including concentration, roasting, smelting, and bessemerisation. The question specifically asks about the self-reduction step, which primarily occurs during bessemerisation in a Bessemer converter.
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Roasting and Smelting: In the initial steps, the chalcopyrite ore is partially roasted to convert iron sulfides into iron oxides, which are then removed as slag (FeSiO₃) during smelting. This process yields a mixture called 'copper matte', which is predominantly cuprous sulfide (Cu₂S) with some remaining ferrous sulfide (FeS).
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Bessemerisation and Self-Reduction: The molten copper matte is transferred to a Bessemer converter, and a blast of hot air is passed through it. This stage involves the self-reduction process.
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Step A: Partial Oxidation: A portion of the cuprous sulfide (Cu₂S) is oxidized by the hot air to form cuprous oxide (Cu₂O).
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Step B: Self-Reduction: The cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) formed then reacts with the remaining cuprous sulfide (Cu₂S) to produce molten copper. This reaction is called self-reduction because one part of the ore (Cu₂S) reduces another part that has been oxidized (Cu₂O).
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Identifying the Reducing Species: To find the reducing species, we need to analyze the changes in oxidation states in the self-reduction reaction:
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Oxidation of Sulfur: The oxidation state of sulfur (S) increases from -2 in
Cu₂Sto +4 inSO₂. An increase in oxidation state signifies oxidation. The species that gets oxidized is the reducing agent. -
Reduction of Copper: The oxidation state of copper (Cu) decreases from +1 in both
Cu₂OandCu₂Sto 0 in elementalCu. A decrease in oxidation state signifies reduction.
Since the sulfide ion (
S²⁻) inCu₂Sis oxidized, it acts as the reducing agent. It reduces the copper(I) ions (Cu⁺) fromCu₂Oto elemental copper. -
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Conclusion: The reducing species in the self-reduction step is the sulfide ion,
S²⁻. -
Evaluating the Options:
- A: S - Incorrect. Sulfur is present as the sulfide ion,
S²⁻, not as elemental sulfur. - B: O²⁻ - Incorrect. The oxide ion's oxidation state remains -2 throughout the reaction.
- C: S²⁻ - Correct. The sulfide ion is oxidized from -2 to +4, acting as the reducing agent.
- D: SO₂ - Incorrect.
SO₂is a product of the reaction, not a reactant acting as a reducing agent.
- A: S - Incorrect. Sulfur is present as the sulfide ion,
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