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Units and Measurements question

2019 · 9 Jan · Shift 1 · Q59
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Units and Measurements question

2019 · 9 Jan · Shift 1 · Q59

JEE MainPhysicsUnits and MeasurementsMCQ+4 / −1
A copper wire is stretched to make it 0.5% longer. The percentage change in its electrical resistance if its volume remains unchanged is :
  1. A
    2.0 %
  2. B
    2.5 %
  3. C
    1.0 %
  4. D
    0.5 %
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. The resistance of a wire is

R=ρLAR = \rho \frac{L}{A}R=ρAL​

where ρ\rhoρ is resistivity, LLL is length, and AAA is cross-sectional area.

  1. Since the wire is stretched and its volume remains constant, we have

AL=constantAL = \text{constant}AL=constant

So if length increases, area decreases accordingly.

  1. Let the original length be LLL and area be AAA.

Given the wire is made 0.5%0.5\%0.5% longer,

ΔLL=0.5%=0.005\frac{\Delta L}{L} = 0.5\% = 0.005LΔL​=0.5%=0.005

Thus,

L′=L(1+0.005)=1.005LL' = L(1+0.005) = 1.005LL′=L(1+0.005)=1.005L

  1. From constant volume:

A′L′=ALA'L' = ALA′L′=AL

So,

A′=ALL′=A1.005A' = \frac{AL}{L'} = \frac{A}{1.005}A′=L′AL​=1.005A​

  1. New resistance:

R′=ρL′A′=ρ1.005LA/1.005=ρLA(1.005)2R' = \rho \frac{L'}{A'} = \rho \frac{1.005L}{A/1.005} = \rho \frac{L}{A}(1.005)^2R′=ρA′L′​=ρA/1.0051.005L​=ρAL​(1.005)2

Hence,

R′R=(1.005)2\frac{R'}{R} = (1.005)^2RR′​=(1.005)2

  1. Percentage change in resistance:

ΔRR=(1.005)2−1\frac{\Delta R}{R} = (1.005)^2 - 1RΔR​=(1.005)2−1

=1.010025−1=0.010025= 1.010025 - 1 = 0.010025=1.010025−1=0.010025

So,

% change in R=0.010025×100=1.0025%\%\text{ change in }R = 0.010025 \times 100 = 1.0025\%% change in R=0.010025×100=1.0025%

This is approximately

1.0%1.0\%1.0%

  1. Therefore, the correct option is:

C: 1.0%1.0\%1.0%

  1. Comparison with stored answer:

Stored correct answer is C, which matches the derived answer.

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