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Simple Harmonic Motion question

2019 · 11 Jan · Shift 1 · Q70
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  5. /2019 · 11 Jan · Shift 1 · Q70

Simple Harmonic Motion question

2019 · 11 Jan · Shift 1 · Q70

JEE MainPhysicsSimple Harmonic MotionMCQ+4 / −1
A particle undergoing simple harmonic motion has time dependent displacement given by x(t) = Asin πt90{{\pi t} \over {90}}90πt​. The ratio of kinetic to potential energy of this particle at t = 210 s will be:
  1. A
    19{1 \over 9}91​
  2. B
    3
  3. C
    2
  4. D
    1
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: THE CORRECT RATIO IS \(\DFRAC{1}{3}\), NOT 3., IF THE QUESTION MEANT POTENTIAL TO KINETIC ENERGY, THEN THE ANSWER WOULD BE 3.

  1. Given displacement equation

    The SHM is: x(t)=Asin⁡(πt90)x(t)=A\sin\left(\frac{\pi t}{90}\right)x(t)=Asin(90πt​)

    Comparing with the standard form x=Asin⁡(ωt),x=A\sin(\omega t),x=Asin(ωt), we get ω=π90\omega=\frac{\pi}{90}ω=90π​

  2. Find displacement at t=210 st=210\,\text{s}t=210s

    x(210)=Asin⁡(π⋅21090)x(210)=A\sin\left(\frac{\pi\cdot 210}{90}\right)x(210)=Asin(90π⋅210​)

    x(210)=Asin⁡(7π3)x(210)=A\sin\left(\frac{7\pi}{3}\right)x(210)=Asin(37π​)

    Since sin⁡(7π3)=sin⁡(2π+π3)=sin⁡π3=32,\sin\left(\frac{7\pi}{3}\right)=\sin\left(2\pi+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)=\sin\frac{\pi}{3}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2},sin(37π​)=sin(2π+3π​)=sin3π​=23​​,

    therefore x=32Ax=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}Ax=23​​A

  3. Use energy relations in SHM

    Total energy: E=12kA2E=\frac{1}{2}kA^2E=21​kA2

    Potential energy at displacement xxx: U=12kx2U=\frac{1}{2}kx^2U=21​kx2

    Kinetic energy: K=E−U=12k(A2−x2)K=E-U=\frac{1}{2}k(A^2-x^2)K=E−U=21​k(A2−x2)

    Hence, KU=A2−x2x2\frac{K}{U}=\frac{A^2-x^2}{x^2}UK​=x2A2−x2​

  4. Substitute x=32Ax=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}Ax=23​​A

    x2=3A24x^2=\frac{3A^2}{4}x2=43A2​

    So, KU=A2−3A243A24\frac{K}{U}=\frac{A^2-\frac{3A^2}{4}}{\frac{3A^2}{4}}UK​=43A2​A2−43A2​​

    =A243A24=\frac{\frac{A^2}{4}}{\frac{3A^2}{4}}=43A2​4A2​​

    =13=\frac{1}{3}=31​

  5. Check options

    The required ratio is 13\boxed{\frac{1}{3}}31​​

    But this value is not present in the options.

  6. Comparison with stored answer

    Stored correct answer is B: 3.

    However, our derived answer is KU=13\frac{K}{U}=\frac{1}{3}UK​=31​

    So the stored answer appears to be incorrect. It is possible that the question intended the ratio of potential to kinetic energy, for which UK=3.\frac{U}{K}=3.KU​=3.

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