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Properties of Matter question

2016 · 9 Apr · Shift 1 · Q48
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Properties of Matter question

2016 · 9 Apr · Shift 1 · Q48

JEE MainPhysicsProperties of MatterMCQ+4 / −1
JEE Main 2016 (Online) 9th April Morning Slot Physics - Properties of Matter Question 244 English Consider a water jar of radius R that has water filled up to height H and is kept on astand of height h (see figure). Through a hole of radius r (r << R) at its bottom, the water leaks out and the stream of water coming down towards the ground has a shape like a funnel as shown in the figure. If the radius of the cross-section of water stream when it hits the ground is x. Then :
  1. A
    x=r(HH+h)x = r\left( {{H \over {H + h}}} \right)x=r(H+hH​)
  2. B
    x=r(HH+h)12x = r{\left( {{H \over {H + h}}} \right)^{{1 \over 2}}}x=r(H+hH​)21​
  3. C
    x=r(HH+h)14x = r{\left( {{H \over {H + h}}} \right)^{{1 \over 4}}}x=r(H+hH​)41​
  4. D
    x=r(HH+h)2x = r{\left( {{H \over {H + h}}} \right)^{{2}}}x=r(H+hH​)2
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Speed of efflux from the hole

Since the hole is at the bottom of the jar and the water level is at height HHH above it, by Torricelli’s theorem the speed of water as it comes out is

v0=2gH.v_0 = \sqrt{2gH}.v0​=2gH​.

The hole has radius rrr, so the area of the stream at the hole is

A0=πr2.A_0 = \pi r^2.A0​=πr2.

Hence the volume flow rate at the hole is

Q=A0v0=πr22gH.Q = A_0 v_0 = \pi r^2 \sqrt{2gH}.Q=A0​v0​=πr22gH​.


  1. Speed of the water stream when it reaches the ground

After coming out, the water falls through a vertical distance hhh before hitting the ground.

Using energy conservation / kinematics:

v2=v02+2gh.v^2 = v_0^2 + 2gh.v2=v02​+2gh.

Substitute v02=2gHv_0^2 = 2gHv02​=2gH:

v2=2gH+2gh=2g(H+h).v^2 = 2gH + 2gh = 2g(H+h).v2=2gH+2gh=2g(H+h).

So the speed just before hitting the ground is

v=2g(H+h).v = \sqrt{2g(H+h)}.v=2g(H+h)​.


  1. Use continuity of flow

For the falling stream, the volume flow rate remains constant:

A0v0=Av,A_0 v_0 = A v,A0​v0​=Av,

where A=πx2A = \pi x^2A=πx2 is the cross-sectional area of the stream at the ground.

Thus,

πr22gH=πx22g(H+h).\pi r^2 \sqrt{2gH} = \pi x^2 \sqrt{2g(H+h)}.πr22gH​=πx22g(H+h)​.

Cancel π\piπ and 2g\sqrt{2g}2g​:

r2H=x2H+h.r^2 \sqrt{H} = x^2 \sqrt{H+h}.r2H​=x2H+h​.

So,

x2=r2HH+h.x^2 = r^2 \sqrt{\frac{H}{H+h}}.x2=r2H+hH​​.

Taking square root,

x=r(HH+h)1/4.x = r\left(\frac{H}{H+h}\right)^{1/4}.x=r(H+hH​)1/4.


  1. Match with options

This corresponds to:

x=r(HH+h)1/4\boxed{x = r\left(\frac{H}{H+h}\right)^{1/4}}x=r(H+hH​)1/4​

So the correct option is C.


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: C

Derived answer: C

They agree.

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