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Magnetics question

2020 · 8 Jan · Shift 2 · Q45
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Magnetics question

2020 · 8 Jan · Shift 2 · Q45

JEE MainPhysicsMagneticsMCQ+4 / −1
A very long wire ABDMNDC is shown in figure carrying current I. AB and BC parts are straight, long and at right angle. At D wire forms a circular turn DMND of radius R. AB, BC parts are tangential to circular turn at N and D. Magnetic field at the centre of circle is : JEE Main 2020 (Online) 8th January Evening Slot Physics - Magnetic Effect of Current Question 152 English
  1. A
    μ0I2πR(π+1){{{\mu _0}I} \over {2\pi R}}\left( {\pi + 1} \right)2πRμ0​I​(π+1)
  2. B
    μ0I2πR(π−12){{{\mu _0}I} \over {2\pi R}}\left( {\pi - {1 \over {\sqrt 2 }}} \right)2πRμ0​I​(π−2​1​)
  3. C
    μ0I2R{{{\mu _0}I} \over {2R}}2Rμ0​I​
  4. D
    μ0I2πR(π+12){{{\mu _0}I} \over {2\pi R}}\left( {\pi + {1 \over {\sqrt 2 }}} \right)2πRμ0​I​(π+2​1​)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Identify the parts of the wire contributing at the centre OOO of the circular turn

    The wire consists of:

    • a long straight part tangent to the circle at NNN,
    • a circular arc/turn DMNDDMNDDMND of radius RRR,
    • another long straight part tangent to the circle at DDD.

    We need the magnetic field at the centre of the circle.

  2. Magnetic field due to the circular turn

    The wire makes one complete circular turn of radius RRR.

    Magnetic field at the centre due to a full circle is Bcircle=μ0I2RB_{\text{circle}}=\frac{\mu_0 I}{2R}Bcircle​=2Rμ0​I​

    Writing with denominator 2πR2\pi R2πR, Bcircle=μ0I2πR πB_{\text{circle}}=\frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi R}\,\piBcircle​=2πRμ0​I​π

  3. Magnetic field due to the straight tangential parts

    For a finite straight wire at perpendicular distance RRR from the point, B=μ0I4πR(sin⁡θ1+sin⁡θ2)B=\frac{\mu_0 I}{4\pi R}(\sin\theta_1+\sin\theta_2)B=4πRμ0​I​(sinθ1​+sinθ2​)

    Here each straight part is effectively a semi-infinite wire tangent to the circle.

    From the geometry, the centre-to-tangent-point radius is perpendicular to the tangent, and because the two long straight parts meet at right angle, each contributes with angle 45∘45^\circ45∘ at the far end. Thus field due to each straight part is Bone straight=μ0I4πR(1−12)B_{\text{one straight}}=\frac{\mu_0 I}{4\pi R}\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt2}\right)Bone straight​=4πRμ0​I​(1−2​1​) or equivalently, combining the two tangential semi-infinite parts gives a net contribution Bstraight total=μ0I2πR⋅12B_{\text{straight total}}=\frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi R}\cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt2}Bstraight total​=2πRμ0​I​⋅2​1​

    Also, by right-hand rule, the field due to the circular loop and the straight sections at the centre are in the same direction, so they add.

  4. Total magnetic field

    Therefore, B=Bcircle+Bstraight totalB=B_{\text{circle}}+B_{\text{straight total}}B=Bcircle​+Bstraight total​ B=μ0I2πRπ+μ0I2πR⋅12B=\frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi R}\pi+\frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi R}\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt2}B=2πRμ0​I​π+2πRμ0​I​⋅2​1​ B=μ0I2πR(π+12)B=\frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi R}\left(\pi+\frac{1}{\sqrt2}\right)B=2πRμ0​I​(π+2​1​)

  5. Match with the options

    This corresponds to: μ0I2πR(π+12)\boxed{\frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi R}\left(\pi+\frac{1}{\sqrt2}\right)}2πRμ0​I​(π+2​1​)​

    Hence the correct option is D.

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