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Geometrical Optics question

2025 · 22 Jan · Shift 1 · Q70
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Geometrical Optics question

2025 · 22 Jan · Shift 1 · Q70

JEE MainPhysicsGeometrical OpticsNumerical+4 / −1
The driver sitting inside a parked car is watching vehicles approaching from behind with the help of his side view mirror, which is a convex mirror with radius of curvature R=2 m\mathrm{R}=2 \mathrm{~m}R=2 m. Another car approaches him from behind with a uniform speed of 90 km/hr90 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{hr}90 km/hr. When the car is at a distance of 24 m from him, the magnitude of the acceleration of the image of the car in the side view mirror is ' aaa'. The value of 100a100 a100a is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​m/s2\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^2m/s2.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 8

  1. Given data
  • Convex mirror radius of curvature: R=2 mR=2\,\text{m}R=2m
  • So focal length: f=R2=1 mf=\frac{R}{2}=1\,\text{m}f=2R​=1m For a convex mirror, with Cartesian sign convention: f=+1 mf=+1\,\text{m}f=+1m
  • Speed of approaching car: 90 km/h=25 m/s90\,\text{km/h}=25\,\text{m/s}90km/h=25m/s
  • Object distance from mirror at the instant considered: u=−24 mu=-24\,\text{m}u=−24m (object is in front of mirror, so negative)

We need the magnitude of acceleration of the image.


  1. Use mirror formula

For mirrors, 1f=1v+1u\frac{1}{f}=\frac{1}{v}+\frac{1}{u}f1​=v1​+u1​

Substitute f=1f=1f=1 and u=−24u=-24u=−24: 1=1v−1241=\frac{1}{v}-\frac{1}{24}1=v1​−241​ 1v=1+124=2524\frac{1}{v}=1+\frac{1}{24}=\frac{25}{24}v1​=1+241​=2425​ v=2425 mv=\frac{24}{25}\,\text{m}v=2524​m


  1. Relate image velocity to object velocity

Differentiate the mirror formula with respect to time: 0=−1v2dvdt−1u2dudt0=-\frac{1}{v^2}\frac{dv}{dt}-\frac{1}{u^2}\frac{du}{dt}0=−v21​dtdv​−u21​dtdu​

So, dvdt=−v2u2dudt\frac{dv}{dt}=-\frac{v^2}{u^2}\frac{du}{dt}dtdv​=−u2v2​dtdu​

The car is approaching the mirror, so uuu becomes less negative: dudt=+25 m/s\frac{du}{dt}=+25\,\text{m/s}dtdu​=+25m/s

Thus, dvdt=−(24/2524)2(25)\frac{dv}{dt}=-\left(\frac{24/25}{24}\right)^2(25)dtdv​=−(2424/25​)2(25)

But we need acceleration, so differentiate again more carefully.


  1. Find image acceleration

From dvdt=−v2u2dudt\frac{dv}{dt}=-\frac{v^2}{u^2}\frac{du}{dt}dtdv​=−u2v2​dtdu​

Let object speed be constant, so d2udt2=0\frac{d^2u}{dt^2}=0dt2d2u​=0

Write image velocity as v˙=−v2u2u˙\dot v=-\frac{v^2}{u^2}\dot uv˙=−u2v2​u˙

Differentiate again: v¨=−u˙ ddt(v2u2)\ddot v=-\dot u\,\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{v^2}{u^2}\right)v¨=−u˙dtd​(u2v2​)

Since u˙\dot uu˙ is constant, ddt(v2u2)=2vv˙u2−2v2u˙u3\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{v^2}{u^2}\right)=\frac{2v\dot v}{u^2}-\frac{2v^2\dot u}{u^3}dtd​(u2v2​)=u22vv˙​−u32v2u˙​

Hence, v¨=−u˙(2vv˙u2−2v2u˙u3)\ddot v=-\dot u\left(\frac{2v\dot v}{u^2}-\frac{2v^2\dot u}{u^3}\right)v¨=−u˙(u22vv˙​−u32v2u˙​)

Now substitute v˙=−v2u2u˙\dot v=-\frac{v^2}{u^2}\dot uv˙=−u2v2​u˙

Then, v¨=−u˙(−2v3u˙u4−−??)\ddot v=-\dot u\left(-\frac{2v^3\dot u}{u^4}-\frac{-?}{?}\right)v¨=−u˙(−u42v3u˙​−?−?​)

A simpler way is to express vvv directly as a function of uuu.

From mirror formula, 1v=1−1u=u−1u\frac{1}{v}=1-\frac{1}{u}=\frac{u-1}{u}v1​=1−u1​=uu−1​ v=uu−1v=\frac{u}{u-1}v=u−1u​

Now, dvdu=(u−1)−u(u−1)2=−1(u−1)2\frac{dv}{du}=\frac{(u-1)-u}{(u-1)^2}=-\frac{1}{(u-1)^2}dudv​=(u−1)2(u−1)−u​=−(u−1)21​

Therefore, v˙=dvduu˙=−u˙(u−1)2\dot v=\frac{dv}{du}\dot u=-\frac{\dot u}{(u-1)^2}v˙=dudv​u˙=−(u−1)2u˙​

Differentiate again: v¨=−u˙ddt((u−1)−2)\ddot v=-\dot u\frac{d}{dt}\left((u-1)^{-2}\right)v¨=−u˙dtd​((u−1)−2) v¨=−u˙[−2(u−1)−3u˙]\ddot v=-\dot u\left[-2(u-1)^{-3}\dot u\right]v¨=−u˙[−2(u−1)−3u˙] v¨=2u˙2(u−1)3\ddot v=\frac{2\dot u^2}{(u-1)^3}v¨=(u−1)32u˙2​

Now substitute u=−24u=-24u=−24 and u˙=25\dot u=25u˙=25: v¨=2(25)2(−25)3\ddot v=\frac{2(25)^2}{(-25)^3}v¨=(−25)32(25)2​ v¨=1250−15625=−0.08 m/s2\ddot v=\frac{1250}{-15625}=-0.08\,\text{m/s}^2v¨=−156251250​=−0.08m/s2

So the magnitude of image acceleration is a=0.08 m/s2a=0.08\,\text{m/s}^2a=0.08m/s2

Therefore, 100a=8100a=8100a=8


  1. Final answer

8\boxed{8}8​

The derived answer matches the stored correct answer.

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