JEE MainPhysicsElectrostaticsMCQ+4 / −1
An electric dipole is placed at a distance of 2 cm from an infinite plane sheet having positive charge density . Choose the correct option from the following. 

- ATorque on dipole is zero and net force is directed away from the sheet.
- BPotential energy of dipole is minimum and torque is zero.
- CPotential energy and torque both are maximum.
- DTorque on dipole is zero and net force acts towards the sheet.
View written solutionFree
Correct answer: B
- Electric field due to an infinite plane sheet
For an infinite plane sheet with uniform positive surface charge density , the electric field is and it is uniform (independent of distance from the sheet) and directed away from the sheet.
So at the position of the dipole, the field is constant in magnitude and direction.
- Force on an electric dipole in a uniform electric field
A dipole in a uniform electric field experiences no net force because the forces on and are equal and opposite.
Hence, options involving a net force toward or away from the sheet are incorrect.
So:
- A is wrong
- D is wrong
- Torque on a dipole in an electric field
Torque on a dipole is where is the angle between dipole moment and electric field .
Torque is zero when: That is, when the dipole is parallel or anti-parallel to the field.
Since the options mention torque being zero together with potential energy conditions, we examine the stable case.
- Potential energy of a dipole in an electric field
Potential energy is
- For : This is the minimum potential energy.
- For : This is the maximum potential energy.
Thus, when the dipole is in stable equilibrium, torque is zero and potential energy is minimum.
- Check options
- A: Torque zero but net force away from sheet wrong, because net force is zero.
- B: Potential energy minimum and torque zero correct.
- C: Potential energy and torque both maximum wrong, because when potential energy is maximum (), torque is still zero, not maximum.
- D: Torque zero and net force toward sheet wrong, because net force is zero.
- Final answer
The correct option is:
This matches the stored correct answer.
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