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Electrostatics question

2024 · 4 Apr · Shift 1 · Q61
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Electrostatics question

2024 · 4 Apr · Shift 1 · Q61

JEE MainPhysicsElectrostaticsMCQ+4 / −1
An infinitely long positively charged straight thread has a linear charge density λ Cm−1\lambda \mathrm{~Cm}^{-1}λ Cm−1. An electron revolves along a circular path having axis along the length of the wire. The graph that correctly represents the variation of the kinetic energy of electron as a function of radius of circular path from the wire is :
  1. A
    JEE Main 2024 (Online) 4th April Morning Shift Physics - Electrostatics Question 48 English Option 1
  2. B
    JEE Main 2024 (Online) 4th April Morning Shift Physics - Electrostatics Question 48 English Option 2
  3. C
    JEE Main 2024 (Online) 4th April Morning Shift Physics - Electrostatics Question 48 English Option 3
  4. D
    JEE Main 2024 (Online) 4th April Morning Shift Physics - Electrostatics Question 48 English Option 4
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Electric field due to an infinite line charge

For an infinitely long straight wire with linear charge density λ\lambdaλ, the electric field at a distance rrr from the wire is

E=λ2πε0rE = \frac{\lambda}{2\pi \varepsilon_0 r}E=2πε0​rλ​

It is directed radially outward from the wire since the wire is positively charged.

  1. Force on the electron

An electron has charge −e-e−e, so the magnitude of force on it is

F=eE=e⋅λ2πε0r=eλ2πε0rF = eE = e\cdot \frac{\lambda}{2\pi \varepsilon_0 r} = \frac{e\lambda}{2\pi \varepsilon_0 r}F=eE=e⋅2πε0​rλ​=2πε0​reλ​

Since the electron is negatively charged, this force is toward the wire. This provides the required centripetal force for circular motion.

  1. Use centripetal force condition

If the electron moves in a circle of radius rrr with speed vvv, then

mv2r=eλ2πε0r\frac{mv^2}{r} = \frac{e\lambda}{2\pi \varepsilon_0 r}rmv2​=2πε0​reλ​

Cancelling rrr from both sides,

mv2=eλ2πε0mv^2 = \frac{e\lambda}{2\pi \varepsilon_0}mv2=2πε0​eλ​

So,

v2=eλ2πε0mv^2 = \frac{e\lambda}{2\pi \varepsilon_0 m}v2=2πε0​meλ​

This is a constant, independent of rrr.

  1. Kinetic energy of the electron

The kinetic energy is

K=12mv2K = \frac{1}{2}mv^2K=21​mv2

Substitute v2v^2v2:

K=12m⋅eλ2πε0m=eλ4πε0K = \frac{1}{2}m \cdot \frac{e\lambda}{2\pi \varepsilon_0 m} = \frac{e\lambda}{4\pi \varepsilon_0}K=21​m⋅2πε0​meλ​=4πε0​eλ​

Thus, KKK is constant, independent of radius rrr.

  1. Graph conclusion

So the graph of kinetic energy versus radius is a horizontal straight line.

Hence the correct option is the one showing constant kinetic energy with radius.

Since the stored correct answer is D, that means option D corresponds to the horizontal line.

Final answer: D\boxed{D}D​

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