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Electrostatics question

2021 · 27 Jul · Shift 2 · Q57
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Electrostatics question

2021 · 27 Jul · Shift 2 · Q57

JEE MainPhysicsElectrostaticsMCQ+4 / −1
What will be the magnitude of electric field at point O as shown in the figure? Each side of the figure is l and perpendicular to each other? JEE Main 2021 (Online) 27th July Evening Shift Physics - Electrostatics Question 139 English
  1. A
    14πε0ql2{1 \over {4\pi {\varepsilon _0}}}{q \over {{l^2}}}4πε0​1​l2q​
  2. B
    14πε0q(2l2)(22−1){1 \over {4\pi {\varepsilon _0}}}{q \over {(2{l^2})}}\left( {2\sqrt 2 - 1} \right)4πε0​1​(2l2)q​(22​−1)
  3. C
    q4πε0(2l)2{q \over {4\pi {\varepsilon _0}{{(2l)}^2}}}4πε0​(2l)2q​
  4. D
    14πε02q2l2(2){1 \over {4\pi {\varepsilon _0}}}{{2q} \over {2{l^2}}}\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)4πε0​1​2l22q​(2​)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Interpret the figure

    The wording suggests a right-angled arrangement with equal perpendicular sides of length lll, and charges placed at the three corners other than point OOO.

    So take point OOO as one corner of a square-like right-angle figure, with three charges qqq located at:

    • distance lll along the xxx-axis,
    • distance lll along the yyy-axis,
    • distance l2+l2=l2\sqrt{l^2+l^2}=l\sqrt2l2+l2​=l2​ along the diagonal.

    We now find the electric field at OOO due to these three equal charges.

  2. Field due to charge at distance lll on the horizontal side

    Magnitude: E1=14πε0ql2E_1=\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\frac{q}{l^2}E1​=4πε0​1​l2q​

    Direction: along the negative xxx-axis.

  3. Field due to charge at distance lll on the vertical side

    Magnitude: E2=14πε0ql2E_2=\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\frac{q}{l^2}E2​=4πε0​1​l2q​

    Direction: along the negative yyy-axis.

  4. Field due to charge at the diagonal corner

    Distance from OOO is: r=l2r=l\sqrt2r=l2​

    Hence magnitude:

    =\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\frac{q}{2l^2}$$ This field makes $45^\circ$ with both axes, directed equally along negative $x$ and negative $y$. Therefore its components are: $$E_{3x}=E_{3y}=\frac{E_3}{\sqrt2} =\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\frac{q}{2\sqrt2\,l^2}$$
  5. Add components

    Total xxx-component: Ex=14πε0(ql2+q22 l2)E_x=\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\left(\frac{q}{l^2}+\frac{q}{2\sqrt2\,l^2}\right)Ex​=4πε0​1​(l2q​+22​l2q​)

    Total yyy-component: Ey=14πε0(ql2+q22 l2)E_y=\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\left(\frac{q}{l^2}+\frac{q}{2\sqrt2\,l^2}\right)Ey​=4πε0​1​(l2q​+22​l2q​)

    Since both are equal, magnitude is: E=Ex2+Ey2=2 ExE=\sqrt{E_x^2+E_y^2}=\sqrt2\,E_xE=Ex2​+Ey2​​=2​Ex​

    So, E=2⋅14πε0(ql2+q22 l2)E=\sqrt2\cdot \frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\left(\frac{q}{l^2}+\frac{q}{2\sqrt2\,l^2}\right)E=2​⋅4πε0​1​(l2q​+22​l2q​)

    E=14πε0ql2(2+12)E=\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\frac{q}{l^2}\left(\sqrt2+\frac12\right)E=4πε0​1​l2q​(2​+21​)

  6. Simplify

    E=14πε0q2l2(22+1)E=\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\frac{q}{2l^2}(2\sqrt2+1)E=4πε0​1​2l2q​(22​+1)

  7. Compare with options

    • Option A: 14πε0ql2\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\frac{q}{l^2}4πε0​1​l2q​ — not correct.
    • Option B: 14πε0q2l2(22−1)\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\frac{q}{2l^2}(2\sqrt2-1)4πε0​1​2l2q​(22​−1) — does not match.
    • Option C: q4πε0(2l)2\frac{q}{4\pi\varepsilon_0(2l)^2}4πε0​(2l)2q​ — not correct.
    • Option D: 14πε02q2l2(2)=14πε0q2l2\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\frac{2q}{2l^2}(\sqrt2)=\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\frac{q\sqrt2}{l^2}4πε0​1​2l22q​(2​)=4πε0​1​l2q2​​ — not correct.

    So the derived result is: E=14πε0q2l2(22+1)\boxed{E=\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\frac{q}{2l^2}(2\sqrt2+1)}E=4πε0​1​2l2q​(22​+1)​

    This does not match any option, including the stored answer B.

  8. Why stored answer B may arise

    Option B, 14πε0q2l2(22−1),\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\frac{q}{2l^2}(2\sqrt2-1),4πε0​1​2l2q​(22​−1), would occur if the diagonal charge had opposite sign (so its field subtracts from the two side contributions), or if the figure differs from the usual three-like-charges corner arrangement. Since the actual figure is not visible here, the stored answer likely assumes such a configuration.

    But for the standard interpretation of three equal charges at the other three corners, the field is 14πε0q2l2(22+1).\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0}\frac{q}{2l^2}(2\sqrt2+1).4πε0​1​2l2q​(22​+1).

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