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Electrostatics question

2020 · 8 Jan · Shift 2 · Q51
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Electrostatics question

2020 · 8 Jan · Shift 2 · Q51

JEE MainPhysicsElectrostaticsMCQ+4 / −1
A particle of mass m and charge q is released from rest in a uniform electric field. If there is no other force on the particle, the dependence of its speed v on the distance x travelled by it is correctly given by (graphs are schematic and not drawn to scale)
  1. A
    JEE Main 2020 (Online) 8th January Evening Slot Physics - Electrostatics Question 180 English Option 1
  2. B
    JEE Main 2020 (Online) 8th January Evening Slot Physics - Electrostatics Question 180 English Option 2
  3. C
    JEE Main 2020 (Online) 8th January Evening Slot Physics - Electrostatics Question 180 English Option 3
  4. D
    JEE Main 2020 (Online) 8th January Evening Slot Physics - Electrostatics Question 180 English Option 4
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Force on the charged particle

A charge qqq placed in a uniform electric field EEE experiences a constant force

F=qEF = qEF=qE

So the acceleration is constant:

a=Fm=qEma = \frac{F}{m} = \frac{qE}{m}a=mF​=mqE​

(If q<0q<0q<0, the direction changes, but the speed-distance relation still depends on magnitude appropriately.)

  1. Use kinematics / work-energy relation

Since the particle is released from rest,

u=0u=0u=0

For constant acceleration, we use

v2=u2+2axv^2 = u^2 + 2axv2=u2+2ax

Thus,

v2=2ax=2(qEm)xv^2 = 2ax = 2\left(\frac{qE}{m}\right)xv2=2ax=2(mqE​)x

So,

v=2qEm xv = \sqrt{\frac{2qE}{m}\,x}v=m2qE​x​

In magnitude form,

v∝xv \propto \sqrt{x}v∝x​

  1. Nature of the graph

The relation v∝xv \propto \sqrt{x}v∝x​ means:

  • v=0v=0v=0 at x=0x=0x=0
  • vvv increases with xxx
  • slope decreases as xxx increases

So the graph is an increasing curve, concave downward.

  1. Choose the correct option

Hence the correct schematic graph is the one representing

v vs x:v∝xv \text{ vs } x : \quad v \propto \sqrt{x}v vs x:v∝x​

This corresponds to Option B.

  1. Comparison with stored answer

Stored correct answer: B

Our derived answer: B

They match.

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