- Aa translation force only in the direction of the field
- Ba translation force only in a direction normal to the direction of the field
- Ca torque as well as a translational force
- Da torque only
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Correct answer: C
- Forces on a dipole in an electric field
An electric dipole consists of charges and separated by a small distance.
- In a uniform electric field, the forces on the two charges are equal and opposite, so the net force is zero.
- However, if the dipole is inclined to the field, these forces form a couple and produce a torque.
So in a uniform field:
- net force
- torque
- Effect of a non-uniform electric field
In a non-uniform electric field, the magnitudes/directions of the electric field at the two charges are not exactly the same.
Hence the forces on and do not cancel completely.
Therefore, the dipole experiences:
- a net translational force, and
- since it is at an angle to the field, also a torque.
- Torque on the dipole
The torque is
Here , so
Thus torque definitely acts.
- Check the options
-
A: a translation force only in the direction of the field
Incorrect, because torque also acts. -
B: a translation force only in a direction normal to the direction of the field
Incorrect, because torque also acts, and the force direction is not restricted like this in general. -
C: a torque as well as a translational force
Correct, because in a non-uniform field the dipole gets net force, and at it also gets torque. -
D: a torque only
Incorrect, because a non-uniform field also produces a net translational force.
- Final answer
Therefore, the dipole will experience both torque and translational force.
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