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Electromagnetic Waves question

2024 · 30 Jan · Shift 1 · Q70
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Electromagnetic Waves question

2024 · 30 Jan · Shift 1 · Q70

JEE MainPhysicsElectromagnetic WavesMCQ+4 / −1
The electric field of an electromagnetic wave in free space is represented as E→=E0cos⁡(ωt−kz)i^\overrightarrow{\mathrm{E}}=\mathrm{E}_0 \cos (\omega \mathrm{t}-\mathrm{kz}) \hat{i}E=E0​cos(ωt−kz)i^. The corresponding magnetic induction vector will be :
  1. A
    B→=E0Ccos⁡(ωt+kz)j^\overrightarrow{\mathrm{B}}=\mathrm{E}_0 \mathrm{C} \cos (\omega \mathrm{t}+\mathrm{k} z) \hat{j}B=E0​Ccos(ωt+kz)j^​
  2. B
    B→=E0Ccos⁡(ωt−kz)j^\overrightarrow{\mathrm{B}}=\frac{\mathrm{E}_0}{\mathrm{C}} \cos (\omega \mathrm{t}-\mathrm{kz}) \hat{j}B=CE0​​cos(ωt−kz)j^​
  3. C
    B→=E0Ccos⁡(ωt−kz)j^\overrightarrow{\mathrm{B}}=\mathrm{E}_0 \mathrm{C} \cos (\omega \mathrm{t}-\mathrm{k} z) \hat{j}B=E0​Ccos(ωt−kz)j^​
  4. D
    B→=E0Ccos⁡(ωt+kz)j^\overrightarrow{\mathrm{B}}=\frac{\mathrm{E}_0}{\mathrm{C}} \cos (\omega \mathrm{t}+\mathrm{kz}) \hat{j}B=CE0​​cos(ωt+kz)j^​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: B

  1. Given electric field

    E⃗=E0cos⁡(ωt−kz) i^\vec E = E_0 \cos(\omega t-kz)\,\hat iE=E0​cos(ωt−kz)i^

  2. Direction of propagation

    A wave of the form cos⁡(ωt−kz)\cos(\omega t-kz)cos(ωt−kz) propagates in the positive zzz-direction.

  3. Direction of magnetic field

    For an electromagnetic wave, E⃗⊥B⃗⊥direction of propagation\vec E \perp \vec B \perp \text{direction of propagation}E⊥B⊥direction of propagation and E⃗×B⃗\vec E \times \vec BE×B gives the direction of propagation.

    Here:

    • E⃗\vec EE is along i^\hat ii^
    • propagation is along k^\hat kk^

    So we need i^×B⃗=k^\hat i \times \vec B = \hat ki^×B=k^.

    Since i^×j^=k^,\hat i \times \hat j = \hat k,i^×j^​=k^, the magnetic field must be along j^\hat jj^​.

  4. Magnitude relation

    In free space, E0=cB0⇒B0=E0cE_0 = cB_0 \quad \Rightarrow \quad B_0 = \frac{E_0}{c}E0​=cB0​⇒B0​=cE0​​

  5. Phase relation

    In an electromagnetic wave in free space, E⃗\vec EE and B⃗\vec BB are in phase. Therefore B⃗\vec BB must have the same phase factor:

    cos⁡(ωt−kz)\cos(\omega t-kz)cos(ωt−kz)

  6. Hence

    B⃗=E0ccos⁡(ωt−kz) j^\boxed{\vec B = \frac{E_0}{c}\cos(\omega t-kz)\,\hat j}B=cE0​​cos(ωt−kz)j^​​

  7. Option check

    • A: wrong magnitude and wrong phase
    • B: correct
    • C: wrong magnitude
    • D: wrong phase

Therefore, the correct option is B.

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