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Electromagnetic Waves question

2024 · 4 Apr · Shift 1 · Q75
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Electromagnetic Waves question

2024 · 4 Apr · Shift 1 · Q75

JEE MainPhysicsElectromagnetic WavesMCQ+4 / −1
The electric field in an electromagnetic wave is given by E→=i^40cos⁡ω(t−z/c)NC−1\overrightarrow{\mathrm{E}}=\hat{i} 40 \cos \omega(\mathrm{t}-z / \mathrm{c}) \mathrm{NC}^{-1}E=i^40cosω(t−z/c)NC−1. The magnetic field induction of this wave is (in SI unit) :
  1. A
    B→=j^40ccos⁡ω(t−z/c)\overrightarrow{\mathrm{B}}=\hat{j} \frac{40}{\mathrm{c}} \cos \omega(\mathrm{t}-z / \mathrm{c})B=j^​c40​cosω(t−z/c)
  2. B
    B→=i^40ccos⁡ω(t−z/c)\overrightarrow{\mathrm{B}}=\hat{i} \frac{40}{\mathrm{c}} \cos \omega(\mathrm{t}-z / \mathrm{c})B=i^c40​cosω(t−z/c)
  3. C
    B⃗=j^40cos⁡ω(t−z/c)\vec{B}=\hat{j} 40 \cos \omega(t-z / c)B=j^​40cosω(t−z/c)
  4. D
    B→=k^40ccos⁡ω(t−z/c)\overrightarrow{\mathrm{B}}=\hat{k} \frac{40}{\mathrm{c}} \cos \omega(\mathrm{t}-z / \mathrm{c})B=k^c40​cosω(t−z/c)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. Given electric field

    E⃗=i^ 40cos⁡ω(t−zc) N C−1\vec E = \hat i\,40\cos\omega\left(t-\frac{z}{c}\right)\,\text{N C}^{-1}E=i^40cosω(t−cz​)N C−1

    So:

    • the electric field is along the xxx-axis (i^\hat ii^ direction),
    • the phase is ω(t−zc)\omega\left(t-\frac{z}{c}\right)ω(t−cz​), which represents a wave traveling in the +z+z+z direction.
  2. Direction of magnetic field

    For an electromagnetic wave,

    E⃗⊥B⃗⊥direction of propagation\vec E \perp \vec B \perp \text{direction of propagation}E⊥B⊥direction of propagation

    and

    E⃗×B⃗\vec E \times \vec BE×B

    gives the direction of propagation.

    Here propagation is along +k^+\hat k+k^, and E⃗\vec EE is along i^\hat ii^.

    So we need:

    i^×B⃗=k^\hat i \times \vec B = \hat ki^×B=k^

    Since

    i^×j^=k^\hat i \times \hat j = \hat ki^×j^​=k^

    therefore B⃗\vec BB must be along j^\hat jj^​.

  3. Magnitude relation between EEE and BBB

    In free space,

    E=cBE = cBE=cB

    Hence,

    B=Ec=40ccos⁡ω(t−zc)B = \frac{E}{c} = \frac{40}{c}\cos\omega\left(t-\frac{z}{c}\right)B=cE​=c40​cosω(t−cz​)

  4. Write the full magnetic field

    Therefore,

    B⃗=j^ 40ccos⁡ω(t−zc)\vec B = \hat j\,\frac{40}{c}\cos\omega\left(t-\frac{z}{c}\right)B=j^​c40​cosω(t−cz​)

  5. Check options

    • A: B⃗=j^40ccos⁡ω(t−zc)\vec B=\hat j\frac{40}{c}\cos\omega\left(t-\frac{z}{c}\right)B=j^​c40​cosω(t−cz​) ✅ Correct
    • B: Along i^\hat ii^, same as E⃗\vec EE ❌
    • C: Magnitude should be E/cE/cE/c, not EEE ❌
    • D: Along k^\hat kk^, but B⃗\vec BB must be perpendicular to propagation direction ❌

Final Answer

The correct option is:

A\boxed{A}A​

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