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Electromagnetic Waves question

2019 · 10 Apr · Shift 1 · Q54
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Electromagnetic Waves question

2019 · 10 Apr · Shift 1 · Q54

JEE MainPhysicsElectromagnetic WavesMCQ+4 / −1
The electric field of a plane electromagnetic wave is given by E→=E0i^cos⁡(kz)cos(ωt)\overrightarrow E = {E_0}\widehat i\cos (kz)cos(\omega t)E=E0​icos(kz)cos(ωt) The corresponding magnetic field B→\overrightarrow BB is then given by
  1. A
    B→=E0Cj^sin⁡(kz)sin⁡(ωt)\overrightarrow B = {{{E_0}} \over C}\widehat j\sin (kz)\sin (\omega t)B=CE0​​j​sin(kz)sin(ωt)
  2. B
    B→=E0Cj^sin⁡(kz)cos⁡(ωt)\overrightarrow B = {{{E_0}} \over C}\widehat j\sin (kz)\cos (\omega t)B=CE0​​j​sin(kz)cos(ωt)
  3. C
    B→=E0Cj^cos⁡(kz)sin⁡(ωt)\overrightarrow B = {{{E_0}} \over C}\widehat j\cos (kz)\sin (\omega t)B=CE0​​j​cos(kz)sin(ωt)
  4. D
    B→=E0Ck^sin⁡(kz)cos⁡(ωt)\overrightarrow B = {{{E_0}} \over C}\widehat k\sin (kz)\cos (\omega t)B=CE0​​ksin(kz)cos(ωt)
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: A

  1. Given electric field

    E⃗=E0i^cos⁡(kz)cos⁡(ωt)\vec E = E_0\hat i\cos(kz)\cos(\omega t)E=E0​i^cos(kz)cos(ωt)

    So the electric field is along the xxx-direction.

  2. Use Maxwell’s equation

    For electromagnetic waves,

    ∇×E⃗=−∂B⃗∂t\nabla \times \vec E = -\frac{\partial \vec B}{\partial t}∇×E=−∂t∂B​

    Since

    Ex=E0cos⁡(kz)cos⁡(ωt),Ey=0,Ez=0E_x = E_0\cos(kz)\cos(\omega t), \quad E_y=0, \quad E_z=0Ex​=E0​cos(kz)cos(ωt),Ey​=0,Ez​=0

    the curl is

    ∇×E⃗=(∂Ex∂z)j^\nabla \times \vec E = \left(\frac{\partial E_x}{\partial z}\right)\hat j∇×E=(∂z∂Ex​​)j^​

    with a minus sign from the determinant:

    ∇×E⃗=(∂Ez∂y−∂Ey∂z)i^+(∂Ex∂z−∂Ez∂x)(−j^)+(∂Ey∂x−∂Ex∂y)k^\nabla \times \vec E = \left(\frac{\partial E_z}{\partial y}-\frac{\partial E_y}{\partial z}\right)\hat i + \left(\frac{\partial E_x}{\partial z}-\frac{\partial E_z}{\partial x}\right)(-\hat j) + \left(\frac{\partial E_y}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial E_x}{\partial y}\right)\hat k∇×E=(∂y∂Ez​​−∂z∂Ey​​)i^+(∂z∂Ex​​−∂x∂Ez​​)(−j^​)+(∂x∂Ey​​−∂y∂Ex​​)k^

    More directly,

    ∇×E⃗=−∂Ex∂zj^\nabla\times \vec E = -\frac{\partial E_x}{\partial z}\hat j∇×E=−∂z∂Ex​​j^​

    Now,

    ∂Ex∂z=−kE0sin⁡(kz)cos⁡(ωt)\frac{\partial E_x}{\partial z} = -kE_0\sin(kz)\cos(\omega t)∂z∂Ex​​=−kE0​sin(kz)cos(ωt)

    hence

    ∇×E⃗=kE0sin⁡(kz)cos⁡(ωt)j^\nabla \times \vec E = kE_0\sin(kz)\cos(\omega t)\hat j∇×E=kE0​sin(kz)cos(ωt)j^​

  3. Relate to magnetic field

    From

    ∇×E⃗=−∂B⃗∂t\nabla \times \vec E = -\frac{\partial \vec B}{\partial t}∇×E=−∂t∂B​

    we get

    −∂B⃗∂t=kE0sin⁡(kz)cos⁡(ωt)j^-\frac{\partial \vec B}{\partial t} = kE_0\sin(kz)\cos(\omega t)\hat j−∂t∂B​=kE0​sin(kz)cos(ωt)j^​

    so

    ∂B⃗∂t=−kE0sin⁡(kz)cos⁡(ωt)j^\frac{\partial \vec B}{\partial t} = -kE_0\sin(kz)\cos(\omega t)\hat j∂t∂B​=−kE0​sin(kz)cos(ωt)j^​

  4. Integrate with respect to time

    B⃗=−kE0ωsin⁡(kz)sin⁡(ωt)j^\vec B = -\frac{kE_0}{\omega}\sin(kz)\sin(\omega t)\hat jB=−ωkE0​​sin(kz)sin(ωt)j^​

    Using

    ωk=c⇒kω=1c\frac{\omega}{k}=c \quad \Rightarrow \quad \frac{k}{\omega}=\frac{1}{c}kω​=c⇒ωk​=c1​

    therefore

    B⃗=−E0csin⁡(kz)sin⁡(ωt)j^\vec B = -\frac{E_0}{c}\sin(kz)\sin(\omega t)\hat jB=−cE0​​sin(kz)sin(ωt)j^​

  5. Compare with options

    The magnetic field must be along j^\hat jj^​, with dependence sin⁡(kz)sin⁡(ωt)\sin(kz)\sin(\omega t)sin(kz)sin(ωt). The sign depends on propagation convention/superposition form, but among the given options only A has the correct functional dependence and direction.

    Hence the best matching option is:

    B⃗=E0cj^sin⁡(kz)sin⁡(ωt)\boxed{\vec B = \frac{E_0}{c}\hat j\sin(kz)\sin(\omega t)}B=cE0​​j^​sin(kz)sin(ωt)​

    i.e. Option A.

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