Principle of electromagnetic induction

An induced current is produced in a coil only when the magnetic flux through the coil changes with time.

$\Phi_B = \vec B \cdot \vec A = BA\cos\theta$

where $\theta$ is the angle between $\vec B$ and the area vector of the coil.

When is flux non-zero?

The magnetic flux depends on the component of $\vec B$ perpendicular to the plane of the coil.

• If $\vec B$ is parallel to the plane of the coil, then it is perpendicular to the area vector, so $\theta = 90^\circ \implies \Phi_B = BA\cos 90^\circ = 0$ Hence no flux passes through the coil, and changing such a field does not induce current in the ideal case.

Therefore, options B and D are incorrect.

Direction of induced current

From the figure, the induced current shown is such that by the right-hand rule, it produces a magnetic field out of the plane of the coil.

By Lenz's law, the induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux.

So for the coil to produce an outward induced magnetic field, the external outward magnetic flux must be decreasing with time. The coil tries to maintain it by producing an outward field.

Check remaining options

• A: Outward and decreasing with time
  This matches Lenz's law. ✅

• C: Outward and increasing with time
  Then the induced current should create a field into the plane to oppose the increase, so this is incorrect. ❌

Final answer

$\boxed{\text{A: Outward and decreasing with time}}$