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Current Electricity question

2023 · 13 Apr · Shift 1 · Q64
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Current Electricity question

2023 · 13 Apr · Shift 1 · Q64

JEE MainPhysicsCurrent ElectricityNumerical+4 / −1
When a resistance of 5 Ω5 ~\Omega5 Ω is shunted with a moving coil galvanometer, it shows a full scale deflection for a current of 250 mA250 \mathrm{~mA}250 mA, however when 1050 Ω1050 ~\Omega1050 Ω resistance is connected with it in series, it gives full scale deflection for 25 volt. The resistance of galvanometer is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​Ω\OmegaΩ.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 50

  1. Let galvanometer resistance and full-scale current be G=galvanometer resistance,Ig=full-scale current of galvanometerG = \text{galvanometer resistance}, \qquad I_g = \text{full-scale current of galvanometer}G=galvanometer resistance,Ig​=full-scale current of galvanometer

  2. Case 1: Galvanometer shunted by 5 Ω5\,\Omega5Ω gives full-scale at total current 250 mA250\,\text{mA}250mA

    Here the galvanometer and shunt are in parallel. At full-scale, I=250 mA=0.25 AI = 250\,\text{mA} = 0.25\,\text{A}I=250mA=0.25A Current through galvanometer is IgI_gIg​, so current through shunt is Is=0.25−IgI_s = 0.25 - I_gIs​=0.25−Ig​

    Since voltage across galvanometer and shunt is same, IgG=Is⋅5I_g G = I_s \cdot 5Ig​G=Is​⋅5 IgG=5(0.25−Ig)I_g G = 5(0.25 - I_g)Ig​G=5(0.25−Ig​) IgG=1.25−5IgI_g G = 1.25 - 5I_gIg​G=1.25−5Ig​ Ig(G+5)=1.25...(1)I_g(G+5)=1.25 \qquad ...(1)Ig​(G+5)=1.25...(1)

  3. Case 2: Galvanometer in series with 1050 Ω1050\,\Omega1050Ω gives full-scale at 25 V25\,\text{V}25V

    Now it acts as a voltmeter. At full-scale, current through galvanometer is IgI_gIg​. Total series resistance is G+1050G + 1050G+1050 Hence, 25=Ig(G+1050)...(2)25 = I_g(G+1050) \qquad ...(2)25=Ig​(G+1050)...(2)

  4. Use equation (1) to find IgI_gIg​ relation

    From (1), Ig(G+5)=1.25I_g(G+5)=1.25Ig​(G+5)=1.25

    From (2), Ig(G+1050)=25I_g(G+1050)=25Ig​(G+1050)=25

    Divide (2) by (1): G+1050G+5=251.25=20\frac{G+1050}{G+5} = \frac{25}{1.25} = 20G+5G+1050​=1.2525​=20

    So, G+1050=20(G+5)G+1050 = 20(G+5)G+1050=20(G+5) G+1050=20G+100G+1050 = 20G + 100G+1050=20G+100 950=19G950 = 19G950=19G G=50 ΩG = 50\,\OmegaG=50Ω

  5. Final answer 50\boxed{50}50​

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