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Capacitor question

2008 · Shift 0 · Q73
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Capacitor question

2008 · Shift 0 · Q73

JEE MainPhysicsCapacitorMCQ+4 / −1
A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has capacitance of 9pF.9pF.9pF. The separation between its plates is ′d′.'d'.′d′. The space between the plates has dielectric constant k1=3{k_1}=3k1​=3 and thickness d3{d \over 3}3d​ while the other one has dielectric constant k2=6{k_2} = 6k2​=6 and thickness 2d3{{2d} \over 3}32d​. Capacitance of the capacitor is now
  1. A
    1.8pF1.8pF1.8pF
  2. B
    45pF45pF45pF
  3. C
    40.5pF40.5pF40.5pF
  4. D
    20.25pF20.25pF20.25pF
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. Initial capacitor (air-filled)

For a parallel plate capacitor with air:

C0=ε0Ad=9 pFC_0=\frac{\varepsilon_0 A}{d}=9\,\text{pF}C0​=dε0​A​=9pF

So,

ε0Ad=9 pF\frac{\varepsilon_0 A}{d}=9\,\text{pF}dε0​A​=9pF

  1. New arrangement

The dielectric slabs are stacked along the separation between the plates, so they behave like two capacitors in series.

  • First slab: dielectric constant k1=3k_1=3k1​=3, thickness d1=d3d_1=\dfrac d3d1​=3d​
  • Second slab: dielectric constant k2=6k_2=6k2​=6, thickness d2=2d3d_2=\dfrac{2d}{3}d2​=32d​

For layered dielectrics along thickness, equivalent capacitance is

C=ε0Ad1k1+d2k2C=\frac{\varepsilon_0 A}{\dfrac{d_1}{k_1}+\dfrac{d_2}{k_2}}C=k1​d1​​+k2​d2​​ε0​A​

Substitute values:

C=ε0Ad/33+2d/36C=\frac{\varepsilon_0 A}{\dfrac{d/3}{3}+\dfrac{2d/3}{6}}C=3d/3​+62d/3​ε0​A​

C=ε0Ad9+2d18C=\frac{\varepsilon_0 A}{\dfrac{d}{9}+\dfrac{2d}{18}}C=9d​+182d​ε0​A​

C=ε0Ad9+d9C=\frac{\varepsilon_0 A}{\dfrac{d}{9}+\dfrac{d}{9}}C=9d​+9d​ε0​A​

C=ε0A2d9C=\frac{\varepsilon_0 A}{\dfrac{2d}{9}}C=92d​ε0​A​

C=92⋅ε0AdC=\frac{9}{2}\cdot \frac{\varepsilon_0 A}{d}C=29​⋅dε0​A​

Using ε0Ad=9 pF\dfrac{\varepsilon_0 A}{d}=9\,\text{pF}dε0​A​=9pF,

C=92×9=40.5 pFC=\frac{9}{2}\times 9=40.5\,\text{pF}C=29​×9=40.5pF

  1. Option check
  • A: 1.8 pF1.8\,\text{pF}1.8pF — incorrect
  • B: 45 pF45\,\text{pF}45pF — incorrect
  • C: 40.5 pF40.5\,\text{pF}40.5pF — correct
  • D: 20.25 pF20.25\,\text{pF}20.25pF — incorrect

Therefore, the capacitance is:

40.5 pF\boxed{40.5\,\text{pF}}40.5pF​

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