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Sets and Relations question

2023 · 12 Apr · Shift 1 · Q40
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Sets and Relations question

2023 · 12 Apr · Shift 1 · Q40

JEE MainMathematicsSets and RelationsNumerical+4 / −1
The number of relations, on the set {1,2,3}\{1,2,3\}{1,2,3} containing (1,2)(1,2)(1,2) and (2,3)(2,3)(2,3), which are reflexive and transitive but not symmetric, is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 3

  1. Set up the problem

Let A={1,2,3}.A=\{1,2,3\}.A={1,2,3}. A relation on AAA is any subset of A×AA\times AA×A.

We need relations RRR such that:

  • (1,2)∈R(1,2)\in R(1,2)∈R
  • (2,3)∈R(2,3)\in R(2,3)∈R
  • RRR is reflexive
  • RRR is transitive
  • RRR is not symmetric

  1. Use reflexivity

Since RRR is reflexive, it must contain: (1,1),(2,2),(3,3).(1,1), (2,2), (3,3).(1,1),(2,2),(3,3).

Also given: (1,2),(2,3)∈R.(1,2), (2,3) \in R.(1,2),(2,3)∈R.

So currently, RRR must contain at least {(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,3)}.\{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,3)\}.{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,3)}.


  1. Use transitivity

Because (1,2)∈R(1,2)\in R(1,2)∈R and (2,3)∈R(2,3)\in R(2,3)∈R, transitivity forces (1,3)∈R.(1,3)\in R.(1,3)∈R.

So now the relation must contain {(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,3),(1,3)}.\{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,3),(1,3)\}.{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,3),(1,3)}.


  1. Find the only pairs still optional

All possible ordered pairs in A×AA\times AA×A are:

(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(3,1),(3,2),(3,3).(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(3,1),(3,2),(3,3).(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(3,1),(3,2),(3,3).

Out of these, the first six are already forced. Hence the only pairs whose inclusion/exclusion is undecided are: (2,1),(3,1),(3,2).(2,1), (3,1), (3,2).(2,1),(3,1),(3,2).

We now test all subsets of these three pairs, keeping transitivity valid.


  1. Case analysis

Let the forced set be R0={(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,3),(1,3)}.R_0=\{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,3),(1,3)\}.R0​={(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,3),(1,3)}.

We may add any subset of {(2,1),(3,1),(3,2)}\{(2,1),(3,1),(3,2)\}{(2,1),(3,1),(3,2)}, but transitivity may force more additions.

Case 1: Add none

R=R0.R=R_0.R=R0​. Check transitivity: it already works. Also it is not symmetric because (1,2)∈R(1,2)\in R(1,2)∈R but (2,1)∉R(2,1)\notin R(2,1)∈/R.

So this gives 1 valid relation.


Case 2: Add only (2,1)(2,1)(2,1)

Then R=R0∪{(2,1)}.R=R_0\cup\{(2,1)\}.R=R0​∪{(2,1)}. Now from (2,1)(2,1)(2,1) and (1,3)(1,3)(1,3), transitivity requires (2,3)(2,3)(2,3), already present. From (1,2)(1,2)(1,2) and (2,1)(2,1)(2,1), transitivity requires (1,1)(1,1)(1,1), already present. From (2,1)(2,1)(2,1) and (1,2)(1,2)(1,2), transitivity requires (2,2)(2,2)(2,2), already present. So transitivity still holds.

This relation is still not symmetric, since (2,3)∈R(2,3)\in R(2,3)∈R but (3,2)∉R(3,2)\notin R(3,2)∈/R.

So this gives 1 valid relation.


Case 3: Add only (3,2)(3,2)(3,2)

Then R=R0∪{(3,2)}.R=R_0\cup\{(3,2)\}.R=R0​∪{(3,2)}. From (1,3)(1,3)(1,3) and (3,2)(3,2)(3,2), transitivity requires (1,2)(1,2)(1,2), already present. From (2,3)(2,3)(2,3) and (3,2)(3,2)(3,2), transitivity requires (2,2)(2,2)(2,2), already present. From (3,2)(3,2)(3,2) and (2,3)(2,3)(2,3), transitivity requires (3,3)(3,3)(3,3), already present. So transitivity holds.

This relation is not symmetric, since (1,2)∈R(1,2)\in R(1,2)∈R but (2,1)∉R(2,1)\notin R(2,1)∈/R.

So this gives 1 valid relation.


Case 4: Add only (3,1)(3,1)(3,1)

Then R=R0∪{(3,1)}.R=R_0\cup\{(3,1)\}.R=R0​∪{(3,1)}. Now (2,3)(2,3)(2,3) and (3,1)(3,1)(3,1) imply (2,1)(2,1)(2,1) must be in RRR, but it is not. So transitivity fails.

Hence this case is invalid.


Case 5: Add (2,1)(2,1)(2,1) and (3,2)(3,2)(3,2)

Then R=R0∪{(2,1),(3,2)}.R=R_0\cup\{(2,1),(3,2)\}.R=R0​∪{(2,1),(3,2)}. Now (3,2)(3,2)(3,2) and (2,1)(2,1)(2,1) imply (3,1)(3,1)(3,1) must be in RRR. But it is not included, so transitivity fails.

Hence this case is invalid unless (3,1)(3,1)(3,1) is also added.


Case 6: Add (2,1)(2,1)(2,1) and (3,1)(3,1)(3,1)

Then R=R0∪{(2,1),(3,1)}.R=R_0\cup\{(2,1),(3,1)\}.R=R0​∪{(2,1),(3,1)}. Check transitivity:

  • (3,1)(3,1)(3,1) and (1,2)(1,2)(1,2) imply (3,2)(3,2)(3,2) must be in RRR. But (3,2)(3,2)(3,2) is absent. So transitivity fails.

Hence this case is invalid.


Case 7: Add (3,1)(3,1)(3,1) and (3,2)(3,2)(3,2)

Then R=R0∪{(3,1),(3,2)}.R=R_0\cup\{(3,1),(3,2)\}.R=R0​∪{(3,1),(3,2)}. Check transitivity:

  • (2,3)(2,3)(2,3) and (3,1)(3,1)(3,1) imply (2,1)(2,1)(2,1) must be in RRR. But (2,1)(2,1)(2,1) is absent. So transitivity fails.

Hence this case is invalid.


Case 8: Add all three: (2,1),(3,1),(3,2)(2,1),(3,1),(3,2)(2,1),(3,1),(3,2)

Then R=A×A.R=A\times A.R=A×A. This is reflexive, transitive, and symmetric. But we need not symmetric. So this case is invalid.


  1. Count valid relations

The valid cases are only:

  • R0R_0R0​
  • R0∪{(2,1)}R_0\cup\{(2,1)\}R0​∪{(2,1)}
  • R0∪{(3,2)}R_0\cup\{(3,2)\}R0​∪{(3,2)}

Therefore, the number of such relations is 3.\boxed{3}. 3​.


  1. Compare with stored answer

Stored correct answer: 333

Our derived answer is also 333, so they agree.

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