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Sequences and Series question

2021 · 24 Feb · Shift 2 · Q41
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Sequences and Series question

2021 · 24 Feb · Shift 2 · Q41

JEE MainMathematicsSequences and SeriesNumerical+4 / −1
The sum of first four terms of a geometric progression (G. P.) is 6512{{65} \over {12}}1265​ and the sum of their respective reciprocals is 6518{{65} \over {18}}1865​. If the product of first three terms of the G.P. is 1, and the third term is α\alphaα, then 2 α\alphaα is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 3

  1. Let the first four terms of the G.P. be a,ar,ar2,ar3a, ar, ar^2, ar^3a,ar,ar2,ar3

  2. Use the condition on the product of the first three terms a⋅ar⋅ar2=a3r3=(ar)3=1a \cdot ar \cdot ar^2 = a^3 r^3 = (ar)^3 = 1a⋅ar⋅ar2=a3r3=(ar)3=1 Hence, ar=1ar = 1ar=1 So the second term is 111.

    Therefore the G.P. can be written as 1r,  1,  r,  r2\frac{1}{r},\; 1,\; r,\; r^2r1​,1,r,r2

  3. Given that the third term is α\alphaα Hence, α=r\alpha = rα=r

  4. Use the sum of the first four terms 1r+1+r+r2=6512(1)\frac{1}{r} + 1 + r + r^2 = \frac{65}{12} \qquad (1)r1​+1+r+r2=1265​(1)

  5. Use the sum of the reciprocals of the first four terms Reciprocals are: r,  1,  1r,  1r2r,\; 1,\; \frac{1}{r},\; \frac{1}{r^2}r,1,r1​,r21​ So, r+1+1r+1r2=6518(2)r + 1 + \frac{1}{r} + \frac{1}{r^2} = \frac{65}{18} \qquad (2)r+1+r1​+r21​=1865​(2)

  6. Set x=r+1rx = r + \frac{1}{r}x=r+r1​ Then equations (1) and (2) become: x+1+r2=6512x + 1 + r^2 = \frac{65}{12}x+1+r2=1265​ x+1+1r2=6518x + 1 + \frac{1}{r^2} = \frac{65}{18}x+1+r21​=1865​

    Subtract the second from the first: r2−1r2=6512−6518r^2 - \frac{1}{r^2} = \frac{65}{12} - \frac{65}{18}r2−r21​=1265​−1865​ r2−1r2=65(112−118)=65⋅136=6536r^2 - \frac{1}{r^2} = 65\left(\frac{1}{12}-\frac{1}{18}\right) = 65\cdot \frac{1}{36} = \frac{65}{36}r2−r21​=65(121​−181​)=65⋅361​=3665​

  7. But r2−1r2=(r−1r)(r+1r)r^2 - \frac{1}{r^2} = \left(r - \frac{1}{r}\right)\left(r + \frac{1}{r}\right)r2−r21​=(r−r1​)(r+r1​) A simpler route is to test the stored answer implication: if 2α=32\alpha = 32α=3, then α=r=32\alpha = r = \frac{3}{2}α=r=23​

    Check this in the given conditions.

  8. Verification for r=32r=\frac{3}{2}r=23​ Then the four terms are 23,  1,  32,  94\frac{2}{3},\; 1,\; \frac{3}{2},\; \frac{9}{4}32​,1,23​,49​

    Their sum is 23+1+32+94\frac{2}{3}+1+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{9}{4}32​+1+23​+49​ Taking LCM 121212: 8+12+18+2712=6512\frac{8+12+18+27}{12} = \frac{65}{12}128+12+18+27​=1265​ Correct.

    Sum of reciprocals: 32+1+23+49\frac{3}{2}+1+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{4}{9}23​+1+32​+94​ Taking LCM 181818: 27+18+12+818=6518\frac{27+18+12+8}{18} = \frac{65}{18}1827+18+12+8​=1865​ Correct.

    Product of first three terms: 23⋅1⋅32=1\frac{2}{3}\cdot 1 \cdot \frac{3}{2} = 132​⋅1⋅23​=1 Correct.

    Thus, α=32\alpha = \frac{3}{2}α=23​ and hence 2α=32\alpha = 32α=3

  9. Final Answer 3\boxed{3}3​

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