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Sequences and Series question

2006 · Shift 0 · Q74
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Sequences and Series question

2006 · Shift 0 · Q74

JEE MainMathematicsSequences and SeriesMCQ+4 / −1
If a1,a2,....an{{a_1},{a_2},....{a_n}}a1​,a2​,....an​ are in H.P., then the expression a1 a2+ a2 a3 +....+an−1 an{{a_1}\,{a_2} + \,{a_2}\,{a_3}\, + .... + {a_{n - 1}}\,{a_n}}a1​a2​+a2​a3​+....+an−1​an​ is equal to
  1. A
    n(a1 −an)n({a_1}\, - {a_n})n(a1​−an​)
  2. B
    (n−1)(a1 −an)(n - 1)({a_1}\, - {a_n})(n−1)(a1​−an​)
  3. C
    na1ann{a_1}{a_n}na1​an​
  4. D
    (n−1)  a1an(n - 1)\,\,{a_1}{a_n}(n−1)a1​an​
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

  1. Since a1,a2,…,ana_1,a_2,\dots,a_na1​,a2​,…,an​ are in H.P., their reciprocals are in A.P.

    Let 1a1,1a2,…,1an\frac{1}{a_1},\frac{1}{a_2},\dots,\frac{1}{a_n}a1​1​,a2​1​,…,an​1​ be an arithmetic progression with common difference ddd.

  2. Then for consecutive terms, 1ak+1−1ak=d\frac{1}{a_{k+1}}-\frac{1}{a_k}=dak+1​1​−ak​1​=d for all k=1,2,…,n−1k=1,2,\dots,n-1k=1,2,…,n−1.

    Rearranging, ak−ak+1akak+1=d\frac{a_k-a_{k+1}}{a_ka_{k+1}}=dak​ak+1​ak​−ak+1​​=d so akak+1=ak−ak+1d.a_ka_{k+1}=\frac{a_k-a_{k+1}}{d}.ak​ak+1​=dak​−ak+1​​.

  3. Now sum from k=1k=1k=1 to n−1n-1n−1: ∑k=1n−1akak+1=1d∑k=1n−1(ak−ak+1).\sum_{k=1}^{n-1} a_ka_{k+1}=\frac{1}{d}\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}(a_k-a_{k+1}).∑k=1n−1​ak​ak+1​=d1​∑k=1n−1​(ak​−ak+1​).

    The sum on the right telescopes: ∑k=1n−1(ak−ak+1)=a1−an.\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}(a_k-a_{k+1})=a_1-a_n.∑k=1n−1​(ak​−ak+1​)=a1​−an​.

    Hence, ∑k=1n−1akak+1=a1−and.\sum_{k=1}^{n-1} a_ka_{k+1}=\frac{a_1-a_n}{d}.∑k=1n−1​ak​ak+1​=da1​−an​​.

  4. We now express ddd in terms of a1a_1a1​ and ana_nan​.

    Since the reciprocals form an A.P., 1an=1a1+(n−1)d.\frac{1}{a_n}=\frac{1}{a_1}+(n-1)d.an​1​=a1​1​+(n−1)d.

    Therefore, (n−1)d=1an−1a1=a1−ana1an.(n-1)d=\frac{1}{a_n}-\frac{1}{a_1}=\frac{a_1-a_n}{a_1a_n}.(n−1)d=an​1​−a1​1​=a1​an​a1​−an​​.

    So, d=a1−an(n−1)a1an.d=\frac{a_1-a_n}{(n-1)a_1a_n}.d=(n−1)a1​an​a1​−an​​.

  5. Substitute into the expression:

    =\frac{a_1-a_n}{\dfrac{a_1-a_n}{(n-1)a_1a_n}} =(n-1)a_1a_n.$$
  6. Therefore, a1a2+a2a3+⋯+an−1an=(n−1)a1an.a_1a_2+a_2a_3+\cdots+a_{n-1}a_n=(n-1)a_1a_n.a1​a2​+a2​a3​+⋯+an−1​an​=(n−1)a1​an​.

So the correct option is: D: (n−1)a1an\boxed{\text{D: }(n-1)a_1a_n}D: (n−1)a1​an​​

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