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Permutations and Combinations question

2025 · 3 Apr · Shift 1 · Q50
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Permutations and Combinations question

2025 · 3 Apr · Shift 1 · Q50

JEE MainMathematicsPermutations and CombinationsNumerical+4 / −1
If the number of seven-digit numbers, such that the sum of their digits is even, is m⋅n⋅10n;m,n∈{1,2,3,…,9}m \cdot n \cdot 10^n ; m, n \in\{1,2,3, \ldots, 9\}m⋅n⋅10n;m,n∈{1,2,3,…,9}, then m+nm+nm+n is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 14

  1. Total number of seven-digit numbers

A seven-digit number ranges from 100000010000001000000 to 999999999999999999999. So the first digit can be chosen in 999 ways (111 to 999), and each of the remaining 666 digits can be chosen in 101010 ways.

Hence total seven-digit numbers: 9⋅1069\cdot 10^69⋅106

  1. We want numbers whose digit sum is even

Let the number be d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d_1d_2d_3d_4d_5d_6d_7d1​d2​d3​d4​d5​d6​d7​ with d1∈{1,2,…,9}d_1\in\{1,2,\dots,9\}d1​∈{1,2,…,9} and d2,…,d7∈{0,1,…,9}d_2,\dots,d_7\in\{0,1,\dots,9\}d2​,…,d7​∈{0,1,…,9}.

We count how many such numbers have even digit sum.

  1. Count even/odd choices for each digit
  • For the first digit d1d_1d1​ (from 111 to 999):

    • odd choices: 1,3,5,7,91,3,5,7,91,3,5,7,9 ⇒5\Rightarrow 5⇒5
    • even choices: 2,4,6,82,4,6,82,4,6,8 ⇒4\Rightarrow 4⇒4
  • For each of the last 666 digits (from 000 to 999):

    • odd choices: 555
    • even choices: 555
  1. Count by parity of the last 6 digits

Since each of the last 666 digits has equal numbers of even and odd choices, among all 10610^6106 choices for (d2,…,d7)(d_2,\dots,d_7)(d2​,…,d7​), exactly half have even sum and half have odd sum.

So:

  • number of 6-digit tails with even sum =1062=5⋅105= \dfrac{10^6}{2}=5\cdot 10^5=2106​=5⋅105
  • number of 6-digit tails with odd sum =5⋅105= 5\cdot 10^5=5⋅105
  1. Form total numbers with even digit sum

For the total sum to be even:

  • first digit even and last 6 digits sum even, or
  • first digit odd and last 6 digits sum odd.

Therefore required count is 4⋅5⋅105+5⋅5⋅1054\cdot 5\cdot 10^5 + 5\cdot 5\cdot 10^54⋅5⋅105+5⋅5⋅105 =(4+5)⋅5⋅105=(4+5)\cdot 5\cdot 10^5=(4+5)⋅5⋅105 =9⋅5⋅105=9\cdot 5\cdot 10^5=9⋅5⋅105 =45⋅105=45\cdot 10^5=45⋅105

This matches the form m⋅n⋅10nm\cdot n\cdot 10^nm⋅n⋅10n with m=9,n=5m=9,\quad n=5m=9,n=5

Thus, m+n=9+5=14m+n=9+5=14m+n=9+5=14

  1. Comparison with stored answer

Derived answer: 141414

Stored correct answer: 141414

They agree.

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