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Permutations and Combinations question

2023 · 13 Apr · Shift 1 · Q40
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Permutations and Combinations question

2023 · 13 Apr · Shift 1 · Q40

JEE MainMathematicsPermutations and CombinationsNumerical+4 / −1
The number of seven digit positive integers formed using the digits 1,2,31,2,31,2,3 and 444 only and sum of the digits equal to 121212 is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
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Correct answer: 413

  1. Let the seven-digit number use digits only from {1,2,3,4}\{1,2,3,4\}{1,2,3,4}.

    If the digits are x1,x2,…,x7x_1,x_2,\dots,x_7x1​,x2​,…,x7​, then xi∈{1,2,3,4}x_i \in \{1,2,3,4\}xi​∈{1,2,3,4} and x1+x2+⋯+x7=12.x_1+x_2+\cdots+x_7=12.x1​+x2​+⋯+x7​=12.

  2. Since each digit is at least 111, subtract 111 from each digit: yi=xi−1.y_i=x_i-1.yi​=xi​−1. Then yi∈{0,1,2,3}y_i\in \{0,1,2,3\}yi​∈{0,1,2,3} and y1+y2+⋯+y7=12−7=5.y_1+y_2+\cdots+y_7 = 12-7 = 5.y1​+y2​+⋯+y7​=12−7=5.

  3. Now we need the number of nonnegative integer solutions of y1+y2+⋯+y7=5,y_1+y_2+\cdots+y_7=5,y1​+y2​+⋯+y7​=5, with the restriction yi≤3y_i\le 3yi​≤3.

  4. First count all nonnegative solutions without the upper bound: By stars and bars, (5+7−17−1)=(116)=462.\binom{5+7-1}{7-1}=\binom{11}{6}=462.(7−15+7−1​)=(611​)=462.

  5. Subtract the invalid solutions where some yi≥4y_i\ge 4yi​≥4.

    Let yi′=yi−4≥0y_i' = y_i-4 \ge 0yi′​=yi​−4≥0 for one such variable. Then the equation becomes yi′+(other 6 variables)=1.y_i' + \text{(other 6 variables)} = 1.yi′​+(other 6 variables)=1. Number of solutions for a fixed iii: (1+7−17−1)=(76)=7.\binom{1+7-1}{7-1}=\binom{7}{6}=7.(7−11+7−1​)=(67​)=7.

    Since there are 777 choices of iii, total invalid solutions counted are 7×7=49.7\times 7 = 49.7×7=49.

  6. Can two variables both be ≥4\ge 4≥4?

    No, because that would require sum at least 888, but total sum is only 555 for the yiy_iyi​'s. So no overlap cases exist.

  7. Therefore valid solutions: 462−49=413.462-49=413.462−49=413.

  8. Each valid solution corresponds uniquely to a seven-digit number, because each ordered 7-tuple (x1,…,x7)(x_1,\dots,x_7)(x1​,…,x7​) gives exactly one number.

Hence, the required number of seven-digit integers is 413.\boxed{413}.413​.

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