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Permutations and Combinations question

2021 · 26 Aug · Shift 1 · Q36
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Permutations and Combinations question

2021 · 26 Aug · Shift 1 · Q36

JEE MainMathematicsPermutations and CombinationsNumerical+4 / −1
If 1P1+2.2P2+3.3P3+....+15.15P15=qPr−s,0≤s≤1{}^1{P_1} + 2.{}^2{P_2} + 3.{}^3{P_3} + .... + 15.{}^{15}{P_{15}} = {}^q{P_r} - s,0 \le s \le 11P1​+2.2P2​+3.3P3​+....+15.15P15​=qPr​−s,0≤s≤1, then q+sCr−s{}^{q + s}{C_{r - s}}q+sCr−s​ is equal to ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 136

  1. Interpret the given sum

We need to evaluate

1P1+2 2P2+3 3P3+⋯+15 15P15.{}^1P_1 + 2\,{}^2P_2 + 3\,{}^3P_3 + \cdots + 15\,{}^{15}P_{15}.1P1​+22P2​+33P3​+⋯+1515P15​.

Recall that

nPn=n!{}^nP_n = n!nPn​=n!

so the sum becomes

1⋅1!+2⋅2!+3⋅3!+⋯+15⋅15!.1\cdot 1! + 2\cdot 2! + 3\cdot 3! + \cdots + 15\cdot 15!.1⋅1!+2⋅2!+3⋅3!+⋯+15⋅15!.
  1. Use a standard simplification

Note that

k⋅k!=(k+1−1)k!=(k+1)!−k!.k\cdot k! = (k+1-1)k! = (k+1)! - k!.k⋅k!=(k+1−1)k!=(k+1)!−k!.

Therefore,

∑k=115k⋅k!=∑k=115((k+1)!−k!).\sum_{k=1}^{15} k\cdot k! = \sum_{k=1}^{15} \big((k+1)! - k!\big).k=1∑15​k⋅k!=k=1∑15​((k+1)!−k!).

Write out a few terms:

(2!−1!)+(3!−2!)+(4!−3!)+⋯+(16!−15!).(2!-1!) + (3!-2!) + (4!-3!) + \cdots + (16!-15!).(2!−1!)+(3!−2!)+(4!−3!)+⋯+(16!−15!).

This is a telescoping sum, so everything cancels except:

16!−1!=16!−1.16! - 1! = 16! - 1.16!−1!=16!−1.

Thus,

1P1+2 2P2+⋯+15 15P15=16!−1.{}^1P_1 + 2\,{}^2P_2 + \cdots + 15\,{}^{15}P_{15} = 16! - 1.1P1​+22P2​+⋯+1515P15​=16!−1.
  1. Match with the given form

Given

16!−1=qPr−s,0≤s≤1.16! - 1 = {}^qP_r - s, \qquad 0\le s \le 1.16!−1=qPr​−s,0≤s≤1.

Since sss is between 000 and 111 and is intended to make the expression match exactly, take

qPr=16!,s=1.{}^qP_r = 16!, \qquad s=1.qPr​=16!,s=1.

Now,

16!=16P16.16! = {}^{16}P_{16}.16!=16P16​.

So we can identify

q=16,r=16,s=1.q=16,\quad r=16,\quad s=1.q=16,r=16,s=1.
  1. Compute the required combination

We need

q+sCr−s=16+1C16−1=17C15.{}^{q+s}C_{r-s} = {}^{16+1}C_{16-1} = {}^{17}C_{15}.q+sCr−s​=16+1C16−1​=17C15​.

Using symmetry,

17C15=17C2=17⋅162=136.{}^{17}C_{15} = {}^{17}C_2 = \frac{17\cdot 16}{2} = 136.17C15​=17C2​=217⋅16​=136.
  1. Final answer
136\boxed{136}136​
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