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Permutations and Combinations question

2020 · 8 Jan · Shift 2 · Q21
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Permutations and Combinations question

2020 · 8 Jan · Shift 2 · Q21

JEE MainMathematicsPermutations and CombinationsNumerical+4 / −1
The number of 4 letter words (with or without meaning) that can be formed from the eleven letters of the word 'EXAMINATION' is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 2454

  1. Count the letters in EXAMINATION

The word EXAMINATION has 11 letters:

E,X,A,M,I,N,A,T,I,O,NE, X, A, M, I, N, A, T, I, O, NE,X,A,M,I,N,A,T,I,O,N

So the repeated letters are:

  • AAA occurs 222 times
  • III occurs 222 times
  • NNN occurs 222 times

All others (E,X,M,T,OE, X, M, T, OE,X,M,T,O) occur once.

Thus we have:

  • 555 letters repeated twice: actually only the types repeated are A,I,NA, I, NA,I,N i.e. 333 types
  • 555 distinct single-occurring letters: E,X,M,T,OE, X, M, T, OE,X,M,T,O

So total distinct letter types =8= 8=8.


  1. We need 4-letter words

Since no letter appears more than twice, the possible repetition patterns in a 4-letter word are:

  1. All 4 letters distinct: (1,1,1,1)(1,1,1,1)(1,1,1,1)
  2. One letter repeated twice, two other distinct letters: (2,1,1)(2,1,1)(2,1,1)
  3. Two letters repeated twice each: (2,2)(2,2)(2,2)

We count each case separately.


  1. Case 1: All 4 letters distinct

Choose 4 distinct letters from the 8 distinct letter types, then arrange them.

(84)⋅4!=70⋅24=1680\binom{8}{4}\cdot 4! = 70 \cdot 24 = 1680(48​)⋅4!=70⋅24=1680


  1. Case 2: Pattern (2,1,1)(2,1,1)(2,1,1)

Choose the letter that is repeated twice. This repeated letter must be one of A,I,NA, I, NA,I,N.

So number of choices for repeated letter:

333

Now choose 2 other distinct letters from the remaining 7 distinct letter types:

(72)=21\binom{7}{2} = 21(27​)=21

Now arrange the multiset of letters of type (2,1,1)(2,1,1)(2,1,1):

4!2!=12\frac{4!}{2!} = 122!4!​=12

Hence total for this case:

3⋅(72)⋅4!2!=3⋅21⋅12=7563 \cdot \binom{7}{2} \cdot \frac{4!}{2!} = 3 \cdot 21 \cdot 12 = 7563⋅(27​)⋅2!4!​=3⋅21⋅12=756


  1. Case 3: Pattern (2,2)(2,2)(2,2)

Choose 2 letters from the 3 repeated letter types A,I,NA, I, NA,I,N:

(32)=3\binom{3}{2} = 3(23​)=3

Arrange the letters of type (2,2)(2,2)(2,2):

4!2!2!=6\frac{4!}{2!2!} = 62!2!4!​=6

Hence total for this case:

(32)⋅4!2!2!=3⋅6=18\binom{3}{2} \cdot \frac{4!}{2!2!} = 3 \cdot 6 = 18(23​)⋅2!2!4!​=3⋅6=18


  1. Total number of 4-letter words

1680+756+18=24541680 + 756 + 18 = 24541680+756+18=2454


  1. Comparison with stored correct answer

Our derived answer is:

2454\boxed{2454}2454​

This matches the stored correct answer.

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