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Permutations and Combinations question

2020 · 6 Sep · Shift 2 · Q30
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Permutations and Combinations question

2020 · 6 Sep · Shift 2 · Q30

JEE MainMathematicsPermutations and CombinationsNumerical+4 / −1
The number of words (with or without meaning) that can be formed from all the letters of the word “LETTER” in which vowels never come together is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​ .
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 120

  1. Count the letters in LETTER\text{LETTER}LETTER

    The word LETTER\text{LETTER}LETTER has 6 letters: L,E,T,T,E,RL, E, T, T, E, RL,E,T,T,E,R

    Here,

    • Vowels: E,EE, EE,E (2 vowels, identical)
    • Consonants: L,T,T,RL, T, T, RL,T,T,R (4 consonants, where TTT repeats twice)
  2. Arrange the consonants first

    We arrange L,T,T,RL, T, T, RL,T,T,R.

    Since the two TTT's are identical, the number of distinct arrangements is 4!2!=242=12\frac{4!}{2!}=\frac{24}{2}=122!4!​=224​=12

  3. Create gaps for placing the vowels

    For any arrangement of the 4 consonants, there are 5 possible gaps where vowels can be placed so that no two vowels are adjacent: _  C  _  C  _  C  _  C  _\_\; C\; \_\; C\; \_\; C\; \_\; C\; \__C_C_C_C_

    So the number of gaps is 5.

  4. Place the two vowels so that they never come together

    Since the two vowels are both EEE, they are identical. To ensure they never come together, we must place them in two distinct gaps out of the 5 gaps.

    Number of ways: (52)=10\binom{5}{2}=10(25​)=10

  5. Total number of valid words

    Multiply the number of consonant arrangements by the number of ways to choose gaps for the vowels: 12×10=12012 \times 10 = 12012×10=120

  6. Compare with stored correct answer

    Derived answer = 120120120

    Stored correct answer = 120120120

    Hence, they agree.

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