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Matrices and Determinants question

2025 · 28 Jan · Shift 1 · Q46
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Matrices and Determinants question

2025 · 28 Jan · Shift 1 · Q46

JEE MainMathematicsMatrices and DeterminantsNumerical+4 / −1
Let M denote the set of all real matrices of order 3×33 \times 33×3 and let S={−3,−2,−1,1,2}\mathrm{S}=\{-3,-2,-1,1,2\}S={−3,−2,−1,1,2}. Let S1={A=[aij]∈M:A=AT and aij∈ S,∀i,j},S2={A=[aij]∈M:A=−AT and aij∈ S,∀i,j},S3={A=[aij]∈M:a11+a22+a33=0 and aij∈ S,∀i,j}.\begin{aligned} & \mathrm{S}_1=\left\{\mathrm{A}=\left[a_{\mathrm{ij}}\right] \in \mathrm{M}: \mathrm{A}=\mathrm{A}^{\mathrm{T}} \text { and } a_{\mathrm{ij}} \in \mathrm{~S}, \forall \mathrm{i}, \mathrm{j}\right\}, \\ & \mathrm{S}_2=\left\{\mathrm{A}=\left[a_{\mathrm{ij}}\right] \in \mathrm{M}: \mathrm{A}=-\mathrm{A}^{\mathrm{T}} \text { and } a_{\mathrm{ij}} \in \mathrm{~S}, \forall \mathrm{i}, \mathrm{j}\right\}, \\ & \mathrm{S}_3=\left\{\mathrm{A}=\left[a_{\mathrm{ij}}\right] \in \mathrm{M}: a_{11}+a_{22}+a_{33}=0 \text { and } a_{\mathrm{ij}} \in \mathrm{~S}, \forall \mathrm{i}, \mathrm{j}\right\} . \end{aligned}​S1​={A=[aij​]∈M:A=AT and aij​∈ S,∀i,j},S2​={A=[aij​]∈M:A=−AT and aij​∈ S,∀i,j},S3​={A=[aij​]∈M:a11​+a22​+a33​=0 and aij​∈ S,∀i,j}.​ If n(S1∪S2∪S3)=125αn\left(S_1 \cup S_2 \cup S_3\right)=125 \alphan(S1​∪S2​∪S3​)=125α, then α\alphaα equls ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 1613

We need to find n(S1∪S2∪S3).n(S_1\cup S_2\cup S_3).n(S1​∪S2​∪S3​). Given that n(S1∪S2∪S3)=125α,n(S_1\cup S_2\cup S_3)=125\alpha,n(S1​∪S2​∪S3​)=125α, we must compute α\alphaα.


1. Count ∣S1∣|S_1|∣S1​∣

S1S_1S1​ is the set of all symmetric 3×33\times 33×3 matrices with entries from S={−3,−2,−1,1,2}.S=\{-3,-2,-1,1,2\}.S={−3,−2,−1,1,2}.

A symmetric 3×33\times 33×3 matrix has the form

(adedbfefc)\begin{pmatrix} a & d & e\\ d & b & f\\ e & f & c \end{pmatrix}​ade​dbf​efc​​

So there are 666 independent entries.

Each independent entry can be chosen in 555 ways. Hence, ∣S1∣=56=15625.|S_1|=5^6=15625.∣S1​∣=56=15625.


2. Count ∣S2∣|S_2|∣S2​∣

S2S_2S2​ is the set of all skew-symmetric matrices with entries from SSS.

A skew-symmetric matrix satisfies A=−AT,A=-A^T,A=−AT, so diagonal entries must satisfy aii=−aii  ⟹  aii=0.a_{ii}=-a_{ii}\implies a_{ii}=0.aii​=−aii​⟹aii​=0.

But 0∉S0\notin S0∈/S. Hence no such matrix exists. Therefore, ∣S2∣=0.|S_2|=0.∣S2​∣=0.


3. Count ∣S3∣|S_3|∣S3​∣

S3S_3S3​ consists of all 3×33\times 33×3 matrices with entries from SSS such that a11+a22+a33=0.a_{11}+a_{22}+a_{33}=0.a11​+a22​+a33​=0.

Step 3.1: Count choices for diagonal entries

We need ordered triples (x,y,z)∈S3(x,y,z)\in S^3(x,y,z)∈S3 such that x+y+z=0.x+y+z=0.x+y+z=0.

Since all entries are from S={−3,−2,−1,1,2},S=\{-3,-2,-1,1,2\},S={−3,−2,−1,1,2}, we count all possible ordered triples.

Possible value combinations summing to 000:

  1. (−3,1,2)(-3,1,2)(−3,1,2) and its permutations
  2. (−2,1,1)(-2,1,1)(−2,1,1) and its permutations
  3. (−1,−1,2)(-1,-1,2)(−1,−1,2) and its permutations

Now count ordered triples:

  • For (−3,1,2)(-3,1,2)(−3,1,2): all distinct, so number of permutations is 3!=6.3!=6.3!=6.
  • For (−2,1,1)(-2,1,1)(−2,1,1): two 1's repeated, so number of permutations is 3!2!=3.\frac{3!}{2!}=3.2!3!​=3.
  • For (−1,−1,2)(-1,-1,2)(−1,−1,2): two −1-1−1's repeated, so number of permutations is 3!2!=3.\frac{3!}{2!}=3.2!3!​=3.

Thus total number of diagonal triples is 6+3+3=12.6+3+3=12.6+3+3=12.

Step 3.2: Count off-diagonal entries

The remaining 666 entries of a 3×33\times 33×3 matrix are unrestricted, each with 555 choices. So number of choices is 56.5^6.56.

Hence, ∣S3∣=12⋅56=12⋅15625=187500.|S_3|=12\cdot 5^6=12\cdot 15625=187500.∣S3​∣=12⋅56=12⋅15625=187500.


4. Count intersections

We use inclusion-exclusion.

4.1: S1∩S2S_1\cap S_2S1​∩S2​

A matrix both symmetric and skew-symmetric satisfies A=ATandA=−AT.A=A^T \quad\text{and}\quad A=-A^T.A=ATandA=−AT. So A=−A  ⟹  2A=0  ⟹  A=0.A=-A \implies 2A=0 \implies A=0.A=−A⟹2A=0⟹A=0. But the zero matrix is not allowed since 0∉S0\notin S0∈/S. Hence, ∣S1∩S2∣=0.|S_1\cap S_2|=0.∣S1​∩S2​∣=0.

4.2: S2∩S3S_2\cap S_3S2​∩S3​

Since S2=∅S_2=\varnothingS2​=∅, ∣S2∩S3∣=0.|S_2\cap S_3|=0.∣S2​∩S3​∣=0.

4.3: S1∩S3S_1\cap S_3S1​∩S3​

These are symmetric matrices whose diagonal entries sum to 000.

A symmetric matrix has 666 independent entries. Among the 333 diagonal entries, the ordered triple must sum to 000, and we already counted such triples: 121212 ways. The 333 independent off-diagonal entries can each be chosen in 555 ways.

Therefore, ∣S1∩S3∣=12⋅53=12⋅125=1500.|S_1\cap S_3|=12\cdot 5^3=12\cdot 125=1500.∣S1​∩S3​∣=12⋅53=12⋅125=1500.

4.4: Triple intersection

Since S2=∅S_2=\varnothingS2​=∅, ∣S1∩S2∩S3∣=0.|S_1\cap S_2\cap S_3|=0.∣S1​∩S2​∩S3​∣=0.


5. Apply inclusion-exclusion

∣S1∪S2∪S3∣=∣S1∣+∣S2∣+∣S3∣−∣S1∩S2∣−∣S2∩S3∣−∣S3∩S1∣+∣S1∩S2∩S3∣.|S_1\cup S_2\cup S_3|=|S_1|+|S_2|+|S_3|-|S_1\cap S_2|-|S_2\cap S_3|-|S_3\cap S_1|+|S_1\cap S_2\cap S_3|.∣S1​∪S2​∪S3​∣=∣S1​∣+∣S2​∣+∣S3​∣−∣S1​∩S2​∣−∣S2​∩S3​∣−∣S3​∩S1​∣+∣S1​∩S2​∩S3​∣.

Substitute values:

∣S1∪S2∪S3∣=15625+0+187500−0−0−1500+0.|S_1\cup S_2\cup S_3|=15625+0+187500-0-0-1500+0.∣S1​∪S2​∪S3​∣=15625+0+187500−0−0−1500+0.

So,

∣S1∪S2∪S3∣=201625.|S_1\cup S_2\cup S_3|=201625.∣S1​∪S2​∪S3​∣=201625.

Given 201625=125α,201625=125\alpha,201625=125α, we get

α=201625125=1613.\alpha=\frac{201625}{125}=1613.α=125201625​=1613.

6. Final Answer

1613\boxed{1613}1613​

The derived answer matches the stored correct answer.

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