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Matrices and Determinants question

2022 · 25 Jun · Shift 2 · Q26
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Matrices and Determinants question

2022 · 25 Jun · Shift 2 · Q26

JEE MainMathematicsMatrices and DeterminantsMCQ+4 / −1
The system of equations −kx+3y−14z=25−15x+4y−kz=3−4x+y+3z=4- kx + 3y - 14z = 25 - 15x + 4y - kz = 3 - 4x + y + 3z = 4−kx+3y−14z=25−15x+4y−kz=3−4x+y+3z=4 is consistent for all k in the set
  1. A
    R
  2. B
    R −-− {−-− 11, 13}
  3. C
    R −-− {13}
  4. D
    R −-− {−-− 11, 11}
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: D

We interpret the chained statement as the system

−kx+3y−14z=25,-kx+3y-14z=25,−kx+3y−14z=25, −15x+4y−kz=3,-15x+4y-kz=3,−15x+4y−kz=3, −4x+y+3z=4.-4x+y+3z=4.−4x+y+3z=4.

We must find all values of kkk for which this system is consistent.

1. Write the coefficient matrix

The coefficient matrix is

A=(−k3−14−154−k−413)A=\begin{pmatrix} -k & 3 & -14\\ -15 & 4 & -k\\ -4 & 1 & 3 \end{pmatrix}A=​−k−15−4​341​−14−k3​​

and the constant column is

B=(2534).B=\begin{pmatrix}25\\3\\4\end{pmatrix}.B=​2534​​.

A linear system is certainly consistent whenever det⁡(A)≠0\det(A)\neq 0det(A)=0. So first compute det⁡(A)\det(A)det(A).

2. Compute the determinant

Expanding along the first row:

det⁡(A)=(−k)∣4−k13∣−3∣−15−k−43∣+(−14)∣−154−41∣.\det(A)=(-k)\begin{vmatrix}4 & -k\\1 & 3\end{vmatrix}-3\begin{vmatrix}-15 & -k\\-4 & 3\end{vmatrix}+(-14)\begin{vmatrix}-15 & 4\\-4 & 1\end{vmatrix}.det(A)=(−k)​41​−k3​​−3​−15−4​−k3​​+(−14)​−15−4​41​​.

Now evaluate each minor:

∣4−k13∣=12+k,\begin{vmatrix}4 & -k\\1 & 3\end{vmatrix}=12+k,​41​−k3​​=12+k, ∣−15−k−43∣=−45−4k,\begin{vmatrix}-15 & -k\\-4 & 3\end{vmatrix}=-45-4k,​−15−4​−k3​​=−45−4k, ∣−154−41∣=−15+16=1.\begin{vmatrix}-15 & 4\\-4 & 1\end{vmatrix}=-15+16=1.​−15−4​41​​=−15+16=1.

Hence

det⁡(A)=(−k)(12+k)−3(−45−4k)−14.\det(A)=(-k)(12+k)-3(-45-4k)-14.det(A)=(−k)(12+k)−3(−45−4k)−14.

Simplifying,

det⁡(A)=−12k−k2+135+12k−14=121−k2.\det(A)=-12k-k^2+135+12k-14=121-k^2.det(A)=−12k−k2+135+12k−14=121−k2.

So

det⁡(A)=121−k2=(11−k)(11+k).\det(A)=121-k^2=(11-k)(11+k).det(A)=121−k2=(11−k)(11+k).

Thus det⁡(A)=0\det(A)=0det(A)=0 when

k=11ork=−11.k=11 \quad \text{or} \quad k=-11.k=11ork=−11.

For all other real kkk, the system has a unique solution, hence is consistent.

3. Check the exceptional values

We must check whether the system is still consistent at k=±11k=\pm 11k=±11.


Case 1: k=11k=11k=11

The system becomes

−11x+3y−14z=25...(1)-11x+3y-14z=25 \quad ...(1)−11x+3y−14z=25...(1) −15x+4y−11z=3...(2)-15x+4y-11z=3 \quad ...(2)−15x+4y−11z=3...(2) −4x+y+3z=4...(3)-4x+y+3z=4 \quad ...(3)−4x+y+3z=4...(3)

From (3)(3)(3),

y=4+4x−3z.y=4+4x-3z.y=4+4x−3z.

Substitute into (1)(1)(1):

−11x+3(4+4x−3z)−14z=25-11x+3(4+4x-3z)-14z=25−11x+3(4+4x−3z)−14z=25 −11x+12+12x−9z−14z=25-11x+12+12x-9z-14z=25−11x+12+12x−9z−14z=25 x−23z=13....(4)x-23z=13. \quad ...(4)x−23z=13....(4)

Substitute into (2)(2)(2):

−15x+4(4+4x−3z)−11z=3-15x+4(4+4x-3z)-11z=3−15x+4(4+4x−3z)−11z=3 −15x+16+16x−12z−11z=3-15x+16+16x-12z-11z=3−15x+16+16x−12z−11z=3 x−23z=−13....(5)x-23z=-13. \quad ...(5)x−23z=−13....(5)

Equations (4)(4)(4) and (5)(5)(5) contradict each other. Hence the system is inconsistent for k=11k=11k=11.


Case 2: k=−11k=-11k=−11

The system becomes

11x+3y−14z=25...(1)11x+3y-14z=25 \quad ...(1)11x+3y−14z=25...(1) −15x+4y+11z=3...(2)-15x+4y+11z=3 \quad ...(2)−15x+4y+11z=3...(2) −4x+y+3z=4...(3)-4x+y+3z=4 \quad ...(3)−4x+y+3z=4...(3)

From (3)(3)(3),

y=4+4x−3z.y=4+4x-3z.y=4+4x−3z.

Substitute into (1)(1)(1):

11x+3(4+4x−3z)−14z=2511x+3(4+4x-3z)-14z=2511x+3(4+4x−3z)−14z=25 11x+12+12x−9z−14z=2511x+12+12x-9z-14z=2511x+12+12x−9z−14z=25 23x−23z=1323x-23z=1323x−23z=13 x−z=1323....(4)x-z=\frac{13}{23}. \quad ...(4)x−z=2313​....(4)

Substitute into (2)(2)(2):

−15x+4(4+4x−3z)+11z=3-15x+4(4+4x-3z)+11z=3−15x+4(4+4x−3z)+11z=3 −15x+16+16x−12z+11z=3-15x+16+16x-12z+11z=3−15x+16+16x−12z+11z=3 x−z=−13....(5)x-z=-13. \quad ...(5)x−z=−13....(5)

Again (4)(4)(4) and (5)(5)(5) contradict. Hence the system is inconsistent for k=−11k=-11k=−11.

4. Final set of values

Therefore, the system is consistent for all real kkk except

k=11,−11.k=11, -11.k=11,−11.

So the required set is

R−{−11,11}.\mathbb{R}-\{-11,11\}.R−{−11,11}.

5. Match with options

This corresponds to Option D.

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