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Matrices and Determinants question

2021 · 24 Feb · Shift 2 · Q23
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Matrices and Determinants question

2021 · 24 Feb · Shift 2 · Q23

JEE MainMathematicsMatrices and DeterminantsMCQ+4 / −1
Let A and B be 3 ×\times× 3 real matrices such that A is symmetric matrix and B is skew-symmetric matrix. Then the system of linear equations (A2B2 −-− B2A2) X = O, where X is a 3 ×\times× 1 column matrix of unknown variables and O is a 3 ×\times× 1 null matrix, has :
  1. A
    no solution
  2. B
    exactly two solutions
  3. C
    infinitely many solutions
  4. D
    a unique solution
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: C

  1. We are given the homogeneous system (A2B2−B2A2)X=O(A^2B^2 - B^2A^2)X = O(A2B2−B2A2)X=O where A,BA,BA,B are 3×33\times 33×3 real matrices, AAA is symmetric and BBB is skew-symmetric.

  2. First, note the transpose properties:

    • Since AAA is symmetric, AT=AA^T=AAT=A.
    • Since BBB is skew-symmetric, BT=−BB^T=-BBT=−B.
  3. Now examine A2A^2A2 and B2B^2B2.

    For A2A^2A2: (A2)T=(AA)T=ATAT=AA=A2(A^2)^T = (AA)^T = A^TA^T = AA = A^2(A2)T=(AA)T=ATAT=AA=A2 so A2A^2A2 is symmetric.

    For B2B^2B2: (B2)T=(BB)T=BTBT=(−B)(−B)=B2(B^2)^T = (BB)^T = B^TB^T = (-B)(-B)=B^2(B2)T=(BB)T=BTBT=(−B)(−B)=B2 so B2B^2B2 is also symmetric.

  4. Let M=A2B2−B2A2.M = A^2B^2 - B^2A^2.M=A2B2−B2A2. We find the transpose of MMM: MT=(A2B2−B2A2)TM^T = (A^2B^2 - B^2A^2)^TMT=(A2B2−B2A2)T =(B2)T(A2)T−(A2)T(B2)T= (B^2)^T(A^2)^T - (A^2)^T(B^2)^T=(B2)T(A2)T−(A2)T(B2)T =B2A2−A2B2= B^2A^2 - A^2B^2=B2A2−A2B2 =−(A2B2−B2A2)= -(A^2B^2 - B^2A^2)=−(A2B2−B2A2) =−M.= -M.=−M. Hence MMM is skew-symmetric.

  5. A standard fact: every real skew-symmetric matrix of odd order has determinant zero.

    Since MMM is a 3×33\times 33×3 skew-symmetric matrix, det⁡(M)=0.\det(M)=0.det(M)=0.

    Proof briefly: det⁡(M)=det⁡(MT)=det⁡(−M)=(−1)3det⁡(M)=−det⁡(M),\det(M)=\det(M^T)=\det(-M)=(-1)^3\det(M)=-\det(M),det(M)=det(MT)=det(−M)=(−1)3det(M)=−det(M), so det⁡(M)=−det⁡(M)  ⟹  det⁡(M)=0.\det(M)= -\det(M) \implies \det(M)=0.det(M)=−det(M)⟹det(M)=0.

  6. Therefore the coefficient matrix MMM is singular, so the homogeneous system MX=OMX=OMX=O has non-trivial solutions.

    Any homogeneous system always has the trivial solution X=OX=OX=O, and since MMM is singular, it has at least one free variable. Hence it has infinitely many solutions.

  7. Now check the options:

    • A: no solution — impossible for a homogeneous system.
    • B: exactly two solutions — impossible over real numbers for a linear homogeneous system.
    • C: infinitely many solutions — correct.
    • D: a unique solution — would require det⁡(M)≠0\det(M)\neq 0det(M)=0, false.

Therefore, the correct option is C.\boxed{\text{C}}.C​.

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