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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2021 · 25 Feb · Shift 2 · Q45
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Limits Continuity and Differentiability question

2021 · 25 Feb · Shift 2 · Q45

JEE MainMathematicsLimits Continuity and DifferentiabilityNumerical+4 / −1
A function f is defined on [−-− 3, 3] as f(x)={min⁡{∣x∣,2−x2},−2≤x≤2[∣x∣],2<∣x∣≤3f(x) = \left\{ {\begin{matrix} {\min \{ |x|,2 - {x^2}\} ,} & { - 2 \le x \le 2} \\ {[|x|],} & {2 \lt |x| \le 3} \\ \end{matrix} } \right.f(x)={min{∣x∣,2−x2},[∣x∣],​−2≤x≤22<∣x∣≤3​ where [x] denotes the greatest integer ≤\le≤ x. The number of points, where f is not differentiable in (−-− 3, 3) is ‾\underline{\hspace{2cm}}​.
Numerical answer
View written solutionFree

Correct answer: 5

  1. Given function

We have

f(x)={min⁡{∣x∣, 2−x2},−2≤x≤2[∣x∣],2<∣x∣≤3f(x)= \begin{cases} \min\{|x|,\,2-x^2\}, & -2\le x\le 2 \\ [|x|], & 2<|x|\le 3 \end{cases}f(x)={min{∣x∣,2−x2},[∣x∣],​−2≤x≤22<∣x∣≤3​

and we need the number of points in (−3,3)(-3,3)(−3,3) where fff is not differentiable.

So we examine differentiability in the interval (−3,3)(-3,3)(−3,3).


  1. For −2≤x≤2-2\le x\le 2−2≤x≤2: analyze min⁡{∣x∣,2−x2}\min\{|x|,2-x^2\}min{∣x∣,2−x2}

Let g(x)=∣x∣,h(x)=2−x2.g(x)=|x|,\qquad h(x)=2-x^2.g(x)=∣x∣,h(x)=2−x2. We need to know where the minimum switches between these two.

So solve ∣x∣=2−x2.|x|=2-x^2.∣x∣=2−x2.

Since the equation is even, solve separately.

For x≥0x\ge 0x≥0

x=2−x2  ⟹  x2+x−2=0  ⟹  (x+2)(x−1)=0.x=2-x^2 \implies x^2+x-2=0 \implies (x+2)(x-1)=0.x=2−x2⟹x2+x−2=0⟹(x+2)(x−1)=0. Relevant root: x=1x=1x=1.

For x≤0x\le 0x≤0

−x=2−x2  ⟹  x2−x−2=0  ⟹  (x−2)(x+1)=0.-x=2-x^2 \implies x^2-x-2=0 \implies (x-2)(x+1)=0.−x=2−x2⟹x2−x−2=0⟹(x−2)(x+1)=0. Relevant root: x=−1x=-1x=−1.

Thus the two curves meet at x=−1,  1.x=-1,\;1.x=−1,1.

Now compare values:

  • At x=0x=0x=0: ∣0∣=0|0|=0∣0∣=0, 2−0=22-0=22−0=2, so minimum is ∣x∣|x|∣x∣.
  • At x=32x=\frac32x=23​: ∣x∣=32|x|=\frac32∣x∣=23​, 2−94=−142-\frac94=-\frac142−49​=−41​, so minimum is 2−x22-x^22−x2.

Hence,

{2−x2,−2≤x<−1,∣x∣,−1≤x≤1,2−x2,1<x≤2.\begin{cases} 2-x^2, & -2\le x<-1,\\ |x|, & -1\le x\le 1,\\ 2-x^2, & 1<x\le 2. \end{cases}⎩⎨⎧​2−x2,∣x∣,2−x2,​−2≤x<−1,−1≤x≤1,1<x≤2.​

More explicitly, using ∣x∣|x|∣x∣:

{2−x2,−2≤x<−1,−x,−1≤x<0,x,0≤x≤1,2−x2,1<x≤2.\begin{cases} 2-x^2, & -2\le x<-1,\\ -x, & -1\le x<0,\\ x, & 0\le x\le 1,\\ 2-x^2, & 1<x\le 2. \end{cases}⎩⎨⎧​2−x2,−x,x,2−x2,​−2≤x<−1,−1≤x<0,0≤x≤1,1<x≤2.​
  1. Possible non-differentiable points in [−2,2][-2,2][−2,2]

Inside these pieces, the function is smooth except possibly at the junctions x=−1,  0,  1,x=-1,\;0,\;1,x=−1,0,1, and also maybe at x=±2x=\pm 2x=±2 when compared with the outer definition.

(i) At x=0x=0x=0

For x<0x<0x<0, f(x)=−xf(x)=-xf(x)=−x, so f−′(0)=−1.f'_-(0)=-1.f−′​(0)=−1. For x>0x>0x>0, f(x)=xf(x)=xf(x)=x, so f+′(0)=1.f'_+(0)=1.f+′​(0)=1. Since left and right derivatives are unequal, fff is not differentiable at x=0x=0x=0.

(ii) At x=1x=1x=1

From left, f(x)=xf(x)=xf(x)=x, so f−′(1)=1.f'_-(1)=1.f−′​(1)=1. From right, f(x)=2−x2f(x)=2-x^2f(x)=2−x2, so f+′(1)=−2.f'_+(1)=-2.f+′​(1)=−2. Not equal, so not differentiable at x=1x=1x=1.

(iii) At x=−1x=-1x=−1

From left, f(x)=2−x2f(x)=2-x^2f(x)=2−x2, so f−′(−1)=−2(−1)=2.f'_-( -1)= -2(-1)=2.f−′​(−1)=−2(−1)=2. From right, f(x)=−xf(x)=-xf(x)=−x, so f+′(−1)=−1.f'_+( -1)=-1.f+′​(−1)=−1. Not equal, so not differentiable at x=−1x=-1x=−1.

So far: 333 points.


  1. For 2<∣x∣≤32<|x|\le 32<∣x∣≤3: analyze [∣x∣][|x|][∣x∣]

In (−3,3)(-3,3)(−3,3) this means:

  • for −3<x<−2-3<x<-2−3<x<−2, we have ∣x∣∈(2,3)|x|\in(2,3)∣x∣∈(2,3), so [∣x∣]=2[|x|]=2[∣x∣]=2,
  • for 2<x<32<x<32<x<3, we have ∣x∣∈(2,3)|x|\in(2,3)∣x∣∈(2,3), so [∣x∣]=2[|x|]=2[∣x∣]=2.

Thus on both intervals (−3,−2)(-3,-2)(−3,−2) and (2,3)(2,3)(2,3), f(x)=2,f(x)=2,f(x)=2, a constant function, hence differentiable everywhere there.

The only possible issues are at the joining points x=−2x=-2x=−2 and x=2x=2x=2.


  1. Check at x=2x=2x=2

From the inner definition, f(2)=min⁡{2,2−4}=min⁡{2,−2}=−2.f(2)=\min\{2,2-4\}=\min\{2,-2\}=-2.f(2)=min{2,2−4}=min{2,−2}=−2. For x>2x>2x>2, from outer definition, f(x)=[∣x∣]=2.f(x)=[|x|]=2.f(x)=[∣x∣]=2. So the function jumps from −2-2−2 to 222 at x=2x=2x=2. Hence it is discontinuous, therefore not differentiable at x=2x=2x=2.


  1. Check at x=−2x=-2x=−2

From the inner definition, f(−2)=min⁡{2,2−4}=−2.f(-2)=\min\{2,2-4\}=-2.f(−2)=min{2,2−4}=−2. For x<−2x<-2x<−2, from outer definition, f(x)=[∣x∣]=2.f(x)=[|x|]=2.f(x)=[∣x∣]=2. Again there is a jump discontinuity at x=−2x=-2x=−2. Hence not differentiable at x=−2x=-2x=−2.


  1. Total count

The points in (−3,3)(-3,3)(−3,3) where fff is not differentiable are x=−2,−1,0,1,2.x=-2,-1,0,1,2.x=−2,−1,0,1,2. So the total number is 5.5.5.


  1. Comparison with stored answer

Derived answer: 555. Stored correct answer: 555. They agree.

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